Thousand Cranes By Yasunari Kawabata - 2175 Words

When it comes to emotions, there is always a reason to why one experiences them. It can be happiness due to getting a favorite toy, jealousy at another’s position, hatred due to one’s actions, and so on. Even sub-categories are due to an experience bringing it forth. Such as suffering, one doesn’t suffer randomly, it happens because it was the effect of some cause. One of the biggest causes being unfulfilled desire; depending on the significance of the desire the greater the suffering. In the novel Thousand Cranes by Yasunari Kawabata there is this intricate web of suffering that occurs between the main characters, Kikuji, his father’s, his father’s mistresses and Fumiko. All as an outcome of unfulfilled desire. For Yasunari Kawabata,†¦show more content†¦Her Mother s Lipstick, Fumiko s gifts a second Shino bowl to Kukiji, in which the use of tea utensils, but there is an underlining connection between the two shino bowls and Kikuji’ s father and Fumiko’s mother that link the two. The final scene in Double Star† Kikujiki, searching for Fumiko, and running into the shade of Ueno Park. An ambiguous ending that gives no indication if Fumiko is alive or not. Suffering is seen between the protagonist’s father and his two mistresses. Kikuji’s father’s first mistress was Chikako, he had a relationship for a short time. Then, he eventually left Chikako for Mrs. Ota, to which he spent his last days with. The dismissal from his service caused a great amount of suffering for Chikako, for she believed that she abandoned due to the birthmark on her breast. Though she never showed outward disdain for the mark on her chest, Kikuji’s mother explains that any women with such a mark would be self-conscience. In addition, that dread would follow a woman, because she would constantly feel fear that her husband would be disgusted by it. Also, that if she were to have children they would be fo rced to suckle from that hideous mark, all this Chikako was aware of which is why she never married. However, as a prostitute she had some semblance of fulfillment, since she was able to complete that sexual desire. Yet, Kikuji’s father’s leaving her and choosing another concubine, especially, a woman without her defect causedShow MoreRelatedThousand Cranes By Yasunari Kawabata1194 Words   |  5 Pagesof the biggest causes being unfulfilled desire; depending on the significance of the desire the greater the suffering. In the novel Thousand Cranes by Yasunari Kawabata there is this intricate web of suffering that takes place between the main characters, Kikuji, his father’s, Chikako, Mrs. Ota, and Fumiko. All as an outcome of unfulfilled desire. For Yasunari Kawabata, suffering is a close friend to him. At the age of two he lost his father, and as the years went on he would eventually lose his motherRead MoreThousand Cranes By Yasunari Kawabata1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel Thousand Cranes by Yasunari Kawabata exposes the emerging movement from tradition to westernization in post-war Japan. Kawabata enriches his novel with a variety of intricate relationships between children and their parents, exposing how loss of tradition begins at home. Ironically, Kawabata then depicts how even teachers of tradition manipulate it with their hate and jealousy to achieve their sinister motives, tainting the new generation’s knowledge of tradition and thus moving them awayRead MoreThe Bluest Eye And Yasunari Kawabata s Thousand Cranes1345 Words   |  6 Pagesused today and convey different meanings depending upon one’s cultural background. Hence, the significance of a symbol is not inherent in the symbol itself but is rather cultivated in society. Both Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and Yasunari Kawabata’s Thousand Cranes explore the significance of such symbols, focusing on the basal reader of Dick and Jane and the ritualized practice of the Japanese Tea Ceremony, respectively. These two symbols, while disparate on the surface, share fundamental similaritiesRead More A Comparison of the Heat and Cold Imagery Used in Woman at Point Zero and Thousand Cranes1142 Words   |  5 Pagesand Cold Imagery Used in Woman at Point Zero and Thousand Cranes In the books Woman at Point Zero by Nawal El Saadawi, and Thousand Cranes by Yasunari Kawabata, both authors use various forms of imagery that reoccur throughout the works. These images are used not to be taken for their literal meanings, but instead to portray a deeper sense or feeling that may occur several times in the book. One type of imagery that both Saadawi and Kawabata use in their works is heat and cold imagery. InRead MoreThe Tea House By Lao She1646 Words   |  7 Pagespeople surviving is slim. In comparison to Lao She s Tea House, Yasunari Kawabata s Thousand Cranes takes on a different approach. Kawabata s moral vision was divided between a respect for the greater moral coherence of the past and a realism about the degeneracy and freedom of the modern world. Yasunari Kawabata was born in Osaka in 1899. In 1968, he became the first Japanese writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. Kawabata served as the chairman of the P.E.N. Club of Japan for severalRead MoreAnalysis Of Yasunari Kawabatas Thousand Cranes1433 Words   |  6 Pagesasked what he thought of western civilization, answering that â€Å"it would be a very good idea†, and in Yasunari Kawabata’s Thousand Cranes, Kawabata exposes the emerging movement from tradition to westernization in post-war Japan. Kawabata enriches his novel with a variety of intricate relationships between children and their parents, exposing how the loss of tradition begins at home. Ironically, Kawabata then depicts ho w even the teachers of tradition manipulate it with their hate and jealousy, tainting

Alexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson - 1289 Words

Selina Lewis October 17, 2014 Government Ms. Bishop Alexander Hamilton vs. Thomas Jefferson During the ratification of the Constitution of 1787, the Federalist and Anti-federalist views created tensions and barriers between the two. Federalists, who supported the making of a new document, the Constitution, differed from Anti-federalists who believed that â€Å"the new system threatened liberties and failed to protect individual rights.† Anti-federalist, such as Patrick Henry, James Winthrop and Samuel Adams, believed in state s rights and only urged the need of alterations to the Articles of Confederation rather than dispose of it. Likewise, several arguments arose including the issue of slavery, the duties of the Supreme Court, but majorly the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights is the general name for the first ten amendments in United States Constitution. These were proposed to alleviate the fears of Anti-Federalists; furthermore, well-known Founding Fathers disputed that the Constitution should not be ratified be cause â€Å"it failed to protect the basic principles of human liberty.† Contrastingly, Hamilton and Madison alike disagreed with the beliefs of the Anti-federalists and believed that the Constitution did not need a Bill of Rights; â€Å"it would create a ‘parchment barrier’ that limited the rights of the people, as opposed to protecting them.† However, they eventually made the decision to willingly establish the said amendments into the Constitution whichShow MoreRelatedAlexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson887 Words   |  4 PagesHamilton vs. Jefferson During the Revolutionary- Federalist Era, politics, parties, programs, policies, and people made an enormous difference in how the new nation should be structured and run. During this era, two men in particular championed politics and their respective parties. These two men were Alexander Hamilton, a Federalist, and Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican. Both Hamilton and Jefferson were successful college educated intellectuals and politicians who made significant contributionsRead MoreAlexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson871 Words   |  4 PagesConflicting views and contrasting ideologies have always existed throughout the history of United States politics. Alexander Hamilton, who led Federalist Party, believed that a powerful central government was necessary while Thomas Jefferson, who led the Jeffersonian Republican Party, favored an agrarian nation with most of the power left to the states. Although Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were similar in that they both harbored good intentions and tried to keep the best interests in mind forRead MoreThe Forgotten Founder : Alexander Hamilton1196 Words   |  5 PagesAriel Fisher College Composition 3M Mr. Claxton December 10, 2015 The Forgotten Founder Alexander Hamilton was one of the founding fathers of the United States, but little to no people recognize the accomplishments he made. As a young man he fought in the Revolutionary War under the command of George Washington and later went on to become the first Secretary of the Treasury. With a multitude of other achievements under his belt, it’s hard to comprehend how this amazing man became a forgotten figureRead MoreCompare And Contrast Alexander Hamilton And Thomas Jefferson1163 Words   |  5 Pagesclosest advisors, Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson, formed the gatherings that started the dual-party system in which the United States operates today. Although both men were important in the Revolution and in the establishment of the United States, they did not coordinate until Washington chose Hamilton to be the Secretary of the Treasury and Jefferson to be the Secretary of State. From the beginning, the two men harbored contradicting dreams of the nations way. Jefferson assumed that AmericasRead MoreFounding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation Essay1261 Words   |  6 Pagesmany different challenges. â€Å"Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation† talks about this challenges and events in different sections that focus on seven historical figures at the time: George Washington, John and Abigail Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, and Adam Burr. Joseph J. Ellis talked about six events, in six chapters, from the time in American history that shaped the ideas that created the United States government that is known today. The chapters are calledRead MoreHamilton Vs Jefferson Essay984 Wo rds   |  4 PagesAlexander Hamilton vs Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton are two very different, yet similar, people. Jefferson grew up in Virginia to a well respected family, while Hamilton was born in the Caribbean Island of St. Croix, but moved to America when he at age thirteen to get a better education. They were both prodigies in writing, Hamilton wrote about a hurricane around eleven, amazing many people, and Jefferson was able to write eloquence with his pen, all throughout his lifeRead MoreThomas Jefferson, Man Of Citizens1000 Words   |  4 Pages Thomas Jefferson† Man of Citizens† Tamika E. Johnson Delaware Technical Community College Thomas Jefferson, a spokesman for democracy, one of American’s Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third President of the United States from 1801–1809.Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, at Shadwell plantation in western Virginia. His father, Peter Jefferson, was a successful planter and surveyor and his mother, Jane Randolph Jefferson came fromRead MoreEmergence of a Two-Party System 1789-18081405 Words   |  6 Pagesmen who were the leaders of the two parties that were to emerge were Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had a major influence during this time. Hamilton was an active delegate for New York at the Constitutional Convention, the main author of the Federalist papers and the first Secretary of the Treasury for the United States. He was the leader of the Federalist Party. Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of Independence, United States’ f irstRead MoreJefferson Vs Hamilton Vs. Hamilton999 Words   |  4 PagesJefferson vs. Hamilton Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton lived in a time where things in the United States were not extremely stable, and the Declaration of Independence was yet to be set in stone. Jefferson and Hamilton had two separate and different lifestyles and views of the government. Jefferson was born approximately 12 years earlier than Hamilton, on April 13, 1743 in the English Colony of Virginia. Since his father was wealthy, Jefferson received the best education possible and hadRead MoreAnalyze the contributions of Washing and Jefferson in helping establish a stable government after the adoption of the Constitution.1448 Words   |  6 PagesStates Thomas Jefferson. George Washington and Thomas Jeffersons administrations contributed to establishing a stable government after the adoption of the Constitution. They strengthened the national government by passing important legislature, peaceful international affairs and economic plans. Washington strengthened the government financially because during his presidency the financial system was built. George Washington himself did not create the financial system but Alexander Hamilton the secretary

Nevada History Free Essays

Since ages I have been firmly stood and evidenced several phases of history and have witnessed  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   numerous mysterious and strange phases that are still unrevealed. I am huge, graceful and well known Battle Mountain. My homeland is Nevada, which is a state of USA and is situated in its West. We will write a custom essay sample on Nevada History or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s surrounded by California, Ogre, Idaho, Utah and Arizona. Though it is larger than these states but has lesser population. But, it has always been a point of attraction for the visitors because of the beautiful places like me, the great Battle Mountain. Nevada is a Spanish word which means â€Å"snow clad†. Much about primeval Nevada remains vague but there is sign of human commotion in the area for at least 12,000 years. Almost 30 thousand years ago, Nevada was passing through the Ice Age along with the rest of the west. This was the time when I used to be covered with ice and my valleys were full of glaciers. Gradually, with the melting of ice in the course of centuries the mountains crept further away. (Elliot 1987) Anasazis 8000-18000 B.C.: I kept watching when all of this water reserved the region that is now a desert enclosed with abundant plantation. In this initial metamorphous period some famous ice age animals came into being such as musk ox, caribou and the mammoth. With the constant melting of ice the temperature began to rise and mammals moved northwards in search of new meadows.  The title of first Nevadans went to Anasazi means â€Å"The Ancient Ones†. None of their remains like bones etc have been discovered yet except a few animal art works.  Ã‚  The archeologists and geologists have hypothesized that these ancient people might have lived during 8000 to 18000 B. C. (Elliot, 1987). The Basket Makers 1500 B. C. The next Nevadan civilization is referred to as â€Å"The Basket Makers† in the history, as the finely made baskets are the only evidence of them instead of any pots or artwork. Use of spears, sticks and darts is evident but no arrows and bows. They existed near 1500B. C.   Several hundreds years later the first white people came around with the bows and arrows. In the same time in south the basket makers started to cultivate maize and Indian corn and they also began to use the arrows and bows.  Sometime later they learnt to make pottery and with these continued facilities they gradually proceeded towards civilization. Their homes were dug outs or pits. (Rusco 1975) The Lost City: After another episode of five hundred years the Pueblo Indians arrived at Moapa Valley region, from northern Arizona. They brought not only the better residential techniques but also started the agriculture of squashes, cotton and beans.   The Pueblo blended with the Basket Makers, but it’s unrevealed that whether any of them was a captor or it was a peaceable join.   The ultimate outcome was, however the formation of â€Å"Pueblo Grande de Nevada† or the renowned Lost City. At its climax, the Lost City extended for several miles.  Ã‚  It comprised agricultural fields and human settlements scattered all over the valley. It included farm lands, outlying small dwellings and villages scattered through the valley for miles. (Rusco 1975) The first Whiteman: As, I trace back my memory Nevada was the last region of the coterminous United States to be discovered. The history of Nevada took a turn when the first Whiteman, though, not American reached there in 1776. He was Fray Fransico Garces and a swift development started taking place. (Glass 1981) During the same year, Franciscan missionaries may have got into the farthest southern part whilst in search of a route to join the Spanish towns of New Mexico with settlements of California. Further adventure was commenced after fifty years, by British and American fur merchants and trappers. The courageous trader Peter Skene Ogden, who belonged to Hudson’s Bay Company, went across the present northern boundary of the state in the middle of 1820. Ogden discovered the Humboldt River in 1828 during his second exploring trip. Approximately at the same time, in 1826, the American traveler and trader Jedediah Smith came into southern Nevada on a march to California. In 1827 he went across Sierra, advanced by way of mid Nevada, and came back to the Great Salt Lake region. Jeddediah Smith is known as the first American in the region. A group of trappers, under the command of Joseph Walker traveled to California in 1833, through Humboldt and Carson rivers. After a decade he directed explorers over almost the similar path, setting up a good element of the track used by primitive tourists on their way to California. After the discovery of gold in California in 1848, several explorers went across Nevada on their direction to the Pacific Coast. In the interim, as a consequence of his scientific journeys during 1843and1844 and 1845and1846, John Charles Fremont accomplished a geographic perceptive of the area. After probing through the barren extensions of Nevada for the legendary River Buenaventura, which was supposed to flow towards west to the Pacific Ocean, Fremont assumed that this was an area of internal drainage, and he declared Nevada to be section of his well known â€Å"Great Basin.†(Stewart 1983) I also evidenced the period of territorial days and early statehood. The region from which Nevada was shaped was obtained from Mexico by the Agreement of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. I still remember the days, it was 1849 when in Carson valley, and the first European American settlement was established which was later named as Genoa. Nevada became a section of Utah in 1850 when Utah and new California were recognized as territories. In 1859 silver was discovered in Comstock Lode, which followed a great influx of people to Nevada. Then it was declared as a separate territory in 1861. After almost three years when President Lincoln looked for the support of an antislavery state, Nevada turned to statehood. It was October 31, 1864, which is celebrated as Nevada’s birthday every year. In the initial years of statehood mining proved to be as a vital economic factor.   Cultivators and ranchers engaged the majority available farming lands. The mining growth began to diminish in l873. It was the time when silver’s prices started to fall because of being demonetized. However overtiredness of the mines was a causal issue. Consequently the state’s population was reduced by almost 1/3 by the beginning of 1900. (Elliot 1987) Up till now Nevada has undergone remarkable revolutions and now it does hit a high target in US tourism. More than 50 million tourists visit Nevada every year producing an awesome amount of $ 40 billion for the tourism returns. (Nevada Features Stories 2005) Centuries are passing one after the other and me The Battle Mountain is still stood here to record the unknown further advancement of civilization in my homeland, Nevada. References Elliot, Russel R. (1987). History of Nevada. 2nd ed.   University of Neb. Press. Glass, Mary E. (1981). Nevada’s Turbulent Fifties: Decade of Political and Economic Change. University of Nev. Press. Nevada Features Stories. Retrieved April 3, 2008, from Rusco, Elmer R. (1975). Good Time Coming? Black Nevadans in the Nineteenth Century. Greenwood Press. Stewart, George R. (1983). The California Trail. University of Neb. Press. How to cite Nevada History, Essay examples Nevada History Free Essays Nevada History Up To 1900 Since ages I have been firmly stood and evidenced several phases of history and have witnessed  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   numerous mysterious and strange phases that are still unrevealed. I am huge, graceful and well known Battle Mountain. My homeland is Nevada, which is a state of USA and is situated in its West. We will write a custom essay sample on Nevada History or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s surrounded by California, Ogre, Idaho, Utah and Arizona. Though it is larger than these states but has lesser population. But, it has always been a point of attraction for the visitors because of the beautiful places like me, the great Battle Mountain. Nevada is a Spanish word which means â€Å"snow clad†. Much about primeval Nevada remains vague but there is sign of human commotion in the area for at least 12,000 years. Almost 30 thousand years ago, Nevada was passing through the Ice Age along with the rest of the west. This was the time when I used to be covered with ice and my valleys were full of glaciers. Gradually, with the melting of ice in the course of centuries the mountains crept further away. (Elliot 1987) Anasazis 8000-18000 B.C.: I kept watching when all of this water reserved the region that is now a desert enclosed with abundant plantation. In this initial metamorphous period some famous ice age animals came into being such as musk ox, caribou and the mammoth. With the constant melting of ice the temperature began to rise and mammals moved northwards in search of new meadows.  The title of first Nevadans went to Anasazi means â€Å"The Ancient Ones†. None of their remains like bones etc have been discovered yet except a few animal art works.  Ã‚  The archeologists and geologists have hypothesized that these ancient people might have lived during 8000 to 18000 B. C. (Elliot, 1987). The Basket Makers 1500 B. C. The next Nevadan civilization is referred to as â€Å"The Basket Makers† in the history, as the finely made baskets are the only evidence of them instead of any pots or artwork. Use of spears, sticks and darts is evident but no arrows and bows. They existed near 1500B. C. Several hundreds years later the first white people came around with the bows and arrows. In the same time in south the basket makers started to cultivate maize and Indian corn and they also began to use the arrows and bows.  Sometime later they learnt to make pottery and with these continued facilities they gradually proceeded towards civilization. Their homes were dug outs or pits. (Rusco 1975) The Lost City: After another episode of five hundred years the Pueblo Indians arrived at Moapa Valley region, from northern Arizona. They brought not only the better residential techniques but also started the agriculture of squashes, cotton and beans. The Pueblo blended with the Basket Makers, but it’s unrevealed that whether any of them was a captor or it was a peaceable join.   The ultimate outcome was, however the formation of â€Å"Pueblo Grande de Nevada† or the renowned Lost City. At its climax, the Lost City extended for several miles.  Ã‚  It comprised agricultural fields and human settlements scattered all over the valley. It included farm lands, outlying small dwellings and villages scattered through the valley for miles. (Rusco 1975) The first Whiteman: As, I trace back my memory Nevada was the last region of the coterminous United States to be discovered. The history of Nevada took a turn when the first Whiteman, though, not American reached there in 1776. He was Fray Fransico Garces and a swift development started taking place. (Glass 1981) During the same year, Franciscan missionaries may have got into the farthest southern part whilst in search of a route to join the Spanish towns of New Mexico with settlements of California. Further adventure was commenced after fifty years, by British and American fur merchants and trappers. The courageous trader Peter Skene Ogden, who belonged to Hudson’s Bay Company, went across the present northern boundary of the state in the middle of 1820. Ogden discovered the Humboldt River in 1828 during his second exploring trip. Approximately at the same time, in 1826, the American traveler and trader Jedediah Smith came into southern Nevada on a march to California. In 1827 he went across Sierra, advanced by way of mid Nevada, and came back to the Great Salt Lake region. Jeddediah Smith is known as the first American in the region. A group of trappers, under the command of Joseph Walker traveled to California in 1833, through Humboldt and Carson rivers. After a decade he directed explorers over almost the similar path, setting up a good element of the track used by primitive tourists on their way to California. After the discovery of gold in California in 1848, several explorers went across Nevada on their direction to the Pacific Coast. In the interim, as a consequence of his scientific journeys during 1843and1844 and 1845and1846, John Charles Fremont accomplished a geographic perceptive of the area. After probing through the barren extensions of Nevada for the legendary River Buenaventura, which was supposed to flow towards west to the Pacific Ocean, Fremont assumed that this was an area of internal drainage, and he declared Nevada to be section of his well known â€Å"Great Basin.†(Stewart 1983) I also evidenced the period of territorial days and early statehood. The region from which Nevada was shaped was obtained from Mexico by the Agreement of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. I still remember the days, it was 1849 when in Carson valley, and the first European American settlement was established which was later named as Genoa. Nevada became a section of Utah in 1850 when Utah and new California were recognized as territories. In 1859 silver was discovered in Comstock Lode, which followed a great influx of people to Nevada. Then it was declared as a separate territory in 1861. After almost three years when President Lincoln looked for the support of an antislavery state, Nevada turned to statehood. It was October 31, 1864, which is celebrated as Nevada’s birthday every year. In the initial years of statehood mining proved to be as a vital economic factor.   Cultivators and ranchers engaged the majority available farming lands. The mining growth began to diminish in l873. It was the time when silver’s prices started to fall because of being demonetized. However overtiredness of the mines was a causal issue. Consequently the state’s population was reduced by almost 1/3 by the beginning of 1900. (Elliot 1987) Up till now Nevada has undergone remarkable revolutions and now it does hit a high target in US tourism. More than 50 million tourists visit Nevada every year producing an awesome amount of $ 40 billion for the tourism returns. (Nevada Features Stories 2005) Centuries are passing one after the other and me The Battle Mountain is still stood here to record the unknown further advancement of civilization in my homeland, Nevada. References Elliot, Russel R. (1987). History of Nevada. 2nd ed.   University of Neb. Press. Glass, Mary E. (1981). Nevada’s Turbulent Fifties: Decade of Political and Economic Change. University of Nev. Press. Nevada Features Stories. Retrieved April 3, 2008, from http://travelnevada.com/story.asp?sid=3 Rusco, Elmer R. (1975). Good Time Coming? Black Nevadans in the Nineteenth Century. Greenwood Press. Stewart, George R. (1983). The California Trail. University of Neb. Press. How to cite Nevada History, Essay examples

Corporate Social Responsibility for Stakeholder - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Social Responsibility for Stakeholder Theory. Answer: Introduction Business organizations have certain responsibilities towards society. Decisions taken by them and the actions they take affect the society. It is the duty of corporations to realize their social responsibility. As per the stakeholder theory which was proposed by Edward Freeman. Stakeholder theory is about realizing the social responsibility of the business organizations. The theory identifies the people who take stake in a particular organization. These stakeholders of the organization are influenced largely by activities of the business organization (Braithwaite 2017). The stakeholders of any business organization depend upon the type of business the company is doing. The topic that I selected to discuss about business ethics is Tax Evasion. In present scenario, we have come across many cases where business owners or individuals are accused for Tax Evasion. To discuss further about this topic it is very important that we know what tax evasion is. Tax evasion is an illegal activity i n which individual, group or an organization does not pay their taxes intentionally. Intentionally not paying the taxes is a federal offense. Both non-payment and underpayment are illegal (Mason and Simmons 2014). Impact of Tax Evasion Every organization needs to be legitimate in all their actions. This is one of the most important elements of corporate social responsibility. Failure to perform any services or activity might put the corporations in trouble. One such activity is tax evasion. This practice is very common, as many organizations are often found guilty for not paying their taxes. The stakeholders here are Government or federal authorities, judiciary, employees and customers. All the stakeholders somehow are affected by the act of tax evasion of the companies (Kolk 2016). CSR and Tax avoidance practices Companies avoid tax payment just to secure a convenient tax position. Tax havens provide secrecy for the protection of investors who have a risk of being scrutinized by the external authorities. Corporations move their headquarters that are more tax convenient. Such locations are often offshore and hence called tax havens. According to me paying taxes is the duty of all the citizens. All individuals pay their taxes because the Government for the welfare of the people uses those taxes. It is a legal obligation and therefore failure to comply by the rule might lead to company paying penalty, the reputation of the company would be tarnished and in most cases the company is forced to wound up. It becomes very difficult for any company to start their business again. Once the company is closed the direct impact is felt by the employees because they lose their jobs. The company loses the trust of its customers. Legal battles and too much of time and resources are wasted to fight those legal battles. Main issues related to Tax evasion It is not that the tax avoiders do not pay tax at all. Usually it happens that tax evaders pay a part of their taxes and tries to secretly evade or avoid paying a part of the task. As per the judiciary of any country or region, citizens are obliged to pay their taxes. There are number of taxes a business organizations has to pay, like the sales tax, corporate tax, income tax and many more. Government officials collect these taxes and use for other development purposes. Any business organization not paying tax clearly means that they are not contributing to the development of the country. I think that taxes are a way of appreciating the contributions of the society. All business organizations get important resources from the people and society. Without these resources and the acceptance of the organization by the society, it would not have been possible to sustain and flourish. Then why not pay taxes like good citizens. Those taxes will be used for development and even the tax payer w ould be benefited. Another serious issue related to tax evasion is not just the business organizations who are involved often the tax officials help in evading taxes. Different countries have their own laws for penalizing the tax evaders. Once caught there will be media coverage. In present scenario it is not possible to escape from the eyes of the media. It would not take much time for any company to spoil its image once caught in any such case. Competitors will be advantaged by the carelessness or negligence of the tax evading companies. The company will lose the trust of its customers and other stakeholders. Brand image of the company will be destroyed and they might not be able to gain it again (Shafer, Simmons, and Yip 2016). Relationship between ethical branding and corporate reputation Ethical branding refers to the branding of goods and services with morality and choosing the most appropriate action. This type of branding occurs when a particular company wants to build reputation or goodwill in the market. According to Park, Lee and Kim (2014) ethical branding improves the reputation of any organization that reinforces the brand. People observe the social, environmental and economical over time and make it the basis for their judgment. Therefore, it can be concluded and what I personally believe that the actions of any organization are the determinants of the reputation of an organization. Tax evasion legislation People or organization that avoids payment of taxes would have to face prosecution before the court of Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecution. If they are found guilty of an offense security bonds, community service orders, fines and other additional penalties like imprisonment in severe cases of tax evasion might be imposed on the convicts. A criminal conviction often affects the employment career of an individual. No, I do not think that these legislations are effective enough to combat the issue of tax evasion because these laws have been in existence from many years yet we hear cases of tax evasion. It is clear that the current legislations do not stop the evaders because they have found loopholes in the legislations. In many cases, the tax officials and even legal authorities help the tax evaders. The law fails to intimidate the people from committing the crime. I think the law needs to be stricter. The year of imprisonment can be increased and the license of the tax evader should be cancelled for lifetime. The legislation is required to create fear for the tax evaders. Future and Recommendations I think once the laws are made stricter the number of cases related to tax evasion would be reduced. The role of whistle blowers in this case will definitely change be helpful. If any of the employees of the organizations find that activities like tax evasion are going on they should immediately inform the authorities about the issue. Tax officials are required to scrutinize the corporations both big and small to find out the evaders. Above all Ethical compliance is very important. People do have the tendency to find ways to escape the being prosecuted in such case ethical reasoning and moral policing is very important. Conclusion Corporate social responsibility is not just limited to carrying out social activities. Every business organization is required to ethical in carrying out the activities. By being ethical, they pursue one of the important elements of corporate social responsibility. We see a number of ethical issues but one that I found serious was Tax evasion. So I proceeded with the topic and have discussed a number of issues related to tax evasion. I would like to end my discussion on a conclusion that objective of every business organization should be sustainability and not short term financial gains. Tax evasion might save some amount of money but that money cannot be used to regain the reputation and trust of the stake holders. In fact, a larger amount will have to be invested to fight the legal battles. So, it is always smarter to pay all the taxes that other business organizations pay. References Braithwaite, V. Ed., 2017.Taxing democracy: Understanding tax avoidance and evasion. Routledge. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance.Strategic Management Journal,35(1), pp.1-23. Kolk, A. 2016., The social responsibility of international business: From ethics and the environment to CSR and sustainable development.Journal of World Business,51(1), 23-34. He, Y. and Lai, K.K., 2014. The effect of corporate social responsibility on brand loyalty: the mediating role of brand image.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,25(3-4), pp.249-263. Korschun, D., Bhattacharya, C.B. and Swain, S.D., 2014. Corporate social responsibility, customer orientation, and the job performance of frontline employees.Journal of Marketing,78(3), pp.20-37. Mason, C. and Simmons, J., 2014. Embedding corporate social responsibility in corporate governance: A stakeholder systems approach.Journal of Business Ethics,119(1), pp.77-86. Park, J., Lee, H. and Kim, C., 2014. Corporate social responsibilities, consumer trust and corporate reputation: South Korean consumers' perspectives.Journal of Business Research,67(3), pp.295-302. Shafer, W. E., Simmons, R. S., and Yip, R. W., 2016. 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