Natsume Soseki has written Kokoro

Natsume Soseki has written Kokoro in such a way that the reader be acquainted with Boku and Sensei.   Through them, Soseki believed that a person’s actions should be coming from their true emotions and not by what others perceive of it.   A person should always do things in accordance to what he thinks is right and not by merely considering what the people dictates to him.   Sometimes people tend to live up to what the people tell them because their reputation is at stake.   Just like the planned graduation party of Boku[1].   Even though Boku did not want to have a party, his parents insisted because his father has a reputation to maintain in their community. Kokoro was also written in such a way that there is a special connection between Sensei and Boku in being able to see their imperfections by means of their shallowness.   Despite the two characters having different worldly views, they still found company in each other’s presence.   Boku is somewhat a person who wants to know who Sensei really is and Sensei was not the type of person who would reveal the real him. The style of the first part of Kokoro resembles that of a detective novel, and helps first to establish the reader’s curiosity towards Sensei. Narrator Boku provides no self-introduction and no adequate explanation for his interest in Sensei. Instead, he continuously feeds the reader small ‘clues’ – pieces to the puzzle of Sensei – to gain the reader’s curiosity. ‘â€Å"I cannot tell you why,† Sensei said to me, â€Å"but for a very good reason I wish to go to that grave alone. Even my wife, you see, has never come with me.† [End of passage]’[2] Sudden breaks in narrative are often used to leave these clues hanging, helping to compound the suspense felt by the reader. Additionally, despite having already experienced all the events he describes, Boku chooses to present them in the original chronological order and to narrate his original thoughts regarding each event.    â€Å"I wondered also why Sensei felt the way he did towards mankind.†[3] Revealing his thoughts and experiences in this manner assists Boku in linking with the reader, as it constructs between them a shared interest towards Sensei. Soseki seeks to direct this interest, as evident in the sentence: â€Å"Had I been curious in an impersonal and analytical way, the bond between us would surely not have lasted.†[4] This explanation of the nature of Boku’s curiosity can be interpreted as a suggestion to the reader; in order to complete the puzzle of Sensei, the reader needs to explore Sensei on a more personal level – not simply to analyse from a third person perspective, but rather to attempt to interpret Boku’s regard for Sensei by examining the similar attitudes and values that the two espouse. In the third part of Kokoro, Soseki switches to a new narrative frame, and we read Sensei’s letter through the eyes of Boku. Sensei directly addresses Boku in the letter – driving us as readers even closer to Boku, as we to try to interpret Sensei’s words through the mindset of Boku. Contrastingly, despite the title ‘My Parents and I’, part two of the novel serves to distance the reader from Boku’s family. As readers, our interest draws to a peak when Sensei agrees to tell Boku about his past. However, Sensei does not, and instead Boku’s father’s illness forces Boku to leave for home. This is frustrating for Boku, and for the reader, as is revealed in the passage: ‘†¦ there was much that I did not know about Sensei. He had not told me about his past, as he had promised. I could not be content until he was fully revealed to me.’[5]  Even as Boku’s father lies on his deathbed, Boku’s thoughts wander towards Sensei – physically represented by his moving back and forth between his bedroom and his father’s bedroom. In the process of affiliation with Sensei and Boku, the reader is exposed to the two characters’ disdain towards external appearances and opinions.  Both Sensei and Boku show their disregard for academia. Boku shows little regard for his diploma – he ‘pretends his diploma is a telescope’ surveys the world outside his window in it, and then throws it down on his desk. Similarly, Sensei does not know where he put his diploma.  In contrast, Boku’s parents hold Boku’s diploma in the highest regard. They scold Boku for not having taken better care of the diploma, and display it in the house. Boku’s narration shows that he also is not interested in the appearance of things.   He tends to observe, conclude and investigate on it.   Just like what happened when he saw Sensei at the beach centre.   He overlooked at Sensei’s appearance and focused his attention more on his behaviour thus speculating Sensei’s state of mind.  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"He was always aloof and [†¦] seemed totally indifferent to his surroundings†.[6] Sensei bears a similar disregard towards appearances to others and describes it:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I used to consider it a disgrace to be found ignorant by other people. But now, I find that I am not ashamed of knowing less than others †¦Ã¢â‚¬ [7]  Sometimes people tend to pull themselves down because they think they know less about things.   But come to think of it, even though a person does not graduate high school or college, it means that he is more ignorant than those who have graduated.   People know different things and not all individuals can learn everything. With these, it forms a sharp contrast with Boku’s parents.   The parents of Boku have a high regard for the physicality of things while Sensei and Boku do not.   Boku’s parents seem to relate the physical aspect of a thing with its value just like the diploma.   For them, being able to have a diploma is something that should be cherished, treasured and be well cared of.   While for Sensei and Boku, a diploma is somewhat like a representation of the knowledge acquired while in the university.   A diploma is just a paper, nothing more, nothing less.   What is important are the learning obtained during the years studying in the university. In conclusion, Kokoro is a classic example of presenting two characters that may turn out to be indifferent from one another at first but later on saw their similarities.   Even though these two characters obviously come from different generations, they still were able to find a common ground.   These two started out as complete strangers and tended to avoid the fact that they needed each other’s company but in the end, it just proves that no matter the distance of two persons, they still are close when always remembered. Bibliography Soseki, Natsume. Kokoro (Part 2) Chicago: Regnery Gateway, 1957. 21 Jan. 2000. http://www.eldritchpress.org/ns/k2.html [1] Natsume, Soseki. Kokoro. Online Version, 2001. part 2                                                                                                                               [2] Natsume, Soseki. Kokoro. Quiet Vision Publishing, 2001. p11 [3] Natsume, Soseki. Kokoro. Quiet Vision Publishing, 2001. p22 [4] Natsume, Soseki. Kokoro. Quiet Vision Publishing, 2001. p11 [5] Natsume, Soseki. Kokoro. Quiet Vision Publishing, 2001. p65 [6] Natsume, Soseki. Kokoro. Quiet Vision Publishing, 2001. p5 [7] Natsume, Soseki. Kokoro. Quiet Vision Publishing, 2001. p37

Birmingham as the second largest city in England

A hypothesis is a theory or idea, which is then examined and tested. Sometimes you will agree with it, and sometimes you will disagree with it. Quality of life is what makes a persons life better or easier. Different people have different needs and so what makes their quality of life better is also different. I am a teenager and my needs are very different to my grandmothers for example. I would prefer to live in the Inner City Zone or Inner Suburb Zone. This is because I would have easy access to shops, restaurants, clubs, cinemas, heath clubs and other amenities that young people prefer. Living in the CBD would not be appropriate for me however as there tends to be fewer parks and open spaces. I do not want to have to travel for hours to get to and from school every day, so a good local school would help improve my quality of life immensely. My grandmother is 69. She has a quieter life than me and only goes into the city centre when is most necessary. For the majority of things like food, daily paper and toiletries she can shop at her local independent shops. The makes her quality of life better. Low crime rate also improves her quality of life as she is more venerable than me. However because of her physical condition a large garden is not very practical as she could not be able to look after it. She does love being outside however and so to improve her quality of life she would need parks and public open areas near to her. She would also prefer quieter neighbours and few incidents of graffiti and vandalism. Her breathing is not ‘what it was' due to smoking for many years and so low pollutions levels would help her general health levels too. Because she lives on her own, it would not be very easy for her to get someone to come and repair walls or roofs, so good housing conditions would also be a necessity. My grandmother is also quite religious and likes to attend church every weeks or so, so for her it would be very important that there was a church very close by, or on a major bus route, as she would not be able to afford a taxi every week. As she lives alone, it would also be good for her if her family and friends lived near buy too. She could catch a bus to get there, but not of a great distance as it would be inconvenient for her because of medical conditions. You can read also Classifications of Restaurants There are some factors that would improve both hers and my quality of life however. For example, good public transport. This would benefit both of us as neither has a car or licence. For this reason also, being near to a hospital, doctor or dentist would improve the quality of both our lives. CBD stands for Central Business District. This area is in the centre of towns and is usually one of the oldest parts. There tends to be Victorian buildings which may have been modernised as well as modern buildings. The main land use tends to be commercial, with lots of shops, banks and restaurants. In some CBDs as a result of new developments there are sometimes new houses or apartments. The general sky-line tends to be higher towards the CBD as there are generally more high-rise buildings as land is more expensive. Moving away from the CBD, the next major zone is the Inner City. This zone is just outside the CBD, and old industry. In the last century factories have been built but the majority of these factories have been closed down as industry moved away from the CBD. The small terraced houses that were originally built for the factory workers are, in most cities and Birmingham still there. At this time however, land was expensive and so gardens and houses were small. Some of these houses have been knocked down and made into apartments or high-rise flats. This has helped encourage business workers to move to the CBS. The majority of these workers have large amounts of money, no children and that enjoy a good night life! This has encouraged bars, restaurants and clubs to open in the centre of most major cities. However it has also encouraged drug use and high crime rates. Moving outward from the CBD, the next zone is the Inner City. In the last century this land would also be used for factory building, however with modernisation, of these cities, industry has moved away and the old buildings converted. The majority of land is used as residential and most houses are terraced. Like the CBD, land was, and is, quite expensive in these areas and so most of the houses and gardens were small. The next major zone is the Inner Suburbs. This land is almost all residential. The majority of houses built here are from the 1920s and 1930s. The houses tend to be bigger as there is more land, and so it is cheaper to build on it. The general crime rate tends to be lower in these areas. These qualities attract families and so there also tends to be a lot more primary and secondary schools. After this zone, the next is the Outer Suburbs. The main land use is residential and there tends to be more large modern houses. Councils have also bought this land and many council estates are built here too. Because of the distance from these areas to the CBD, land is cheaper here. Recently small modern industries and large shops have developed here. Birmingham is the second largest city in England. It has a population of 965,928 in city and 2,555,596 in the West Midlands. Despite its' current size, Birmingham grew late in relation to other British cities and was a market town right up until the Industrial Revolution. At this time, luminaries such as Matthew Bolton ; James Watt (inventors of the steam engine), William Murdock (inventor of gas lighting) and Joseph Priestley (who discovered oxygen) put Birmingham on the map. A massive system of canals was built to cope with the influx of traffic, so that Birmingham now has a more extensive canal network than Venice. World War II saw heavy damage inflicted upon the city, and an equally brutal reconstruction program that earned Birmingham's inner ring road the nickname ‘the concrete collar'. However, Birmingham's relationship with the car goes deeper than this; it saw the building of the first four-wheeled petrol driven car by F W Lancaster in 1895, and now acts as the UK's motor-manufacturing hub (earning it the nickname Brum). Birmingham has since been reborn as a business and conference centre, and is busy rebuilding itself into the sub-capital it always should have been. Burgess model In 1925, E.W. Burgess presented an urban land use model, which divided cities in a set of concentric circles expanding from the CBD to the suburbs. This representation was built from Burgess's observations of a number of American cities, particularly Chicago. According to this model, a large city is divided in concentric zones with a tendency of each inner zone to expand in the other zone. Urban growth is there for a process of expansion of land uses. For this study I am going to be following a transect along the Alcester Road, A435. This road is an A type road and runs from the centre of town to the outskirts in a southern direction. Because of the size pf Birmingham, if the hypotenuse is correct it will most likely apply to the majority of large towns and cities in England. My chosen areas of study are: * Balsall Heath * Kings Heath * Alcester Lanes End * Druids Heath Balsall Heath Balsall Heath is situated in the Inner city zone of Birmingham. From the centre of the CBD it is 2.75 kilometres. It has been calculated that 4,000 people out of Balsall Heath's population of 12,000 regularly participate in a caring activity designed to improve the quality of life of the neighbourhood. Kings Heath Kings Heath is in the Inner suburb zone of Birmingham. From the centre of the CBD, Kings Heath is 5.5kilometres. According to the 2001 Population Census there were 24,273 people resident in Kings Heath. Alcester Lanes End Alcester Lanes End is situated in the Outer suburb zone of Birmingham. From the CBD, Alcester Lances End is 6.25 kilometres. Druids Heath Druids Heath is an area situated on an Outer City Council Estate. From the CBD, Druids Heath is 8 kilometres away. This is the area furthest away form the CBD that I will be studying.

Nature of Thought Paper

Nature of Thought Paper Robert D. Morris II University of Phoenix Online PHL 251 Devon Smith * * Nature of Thought Paper * * The idea of thought in and of itself requires critical thinking to define. Thinking is an abstract concept that could take on virtually any definition provided to it. In fact, I quote something I once stated which was â€Å"Critical Thinking is our personal way of receiving information (whether it be verbal, written, visual, or received by one of our other senses), evaluating the information against our beliefs, experiences, situation, external factors and ultimately coming to a decision. (Morris, 2012). * Having stated and quoted that, there are many times when my perception of a situation does not represent the reality of the situation. One’s personal influence on how they interpret facts and information through their cultural beliefs and emotions can have drastic impacts on the output and their view of the situation. I can remember back to a recent j ob I applied for. I was very interested in working for SAP America. I had been supporting SAP solutions at a public utility I had been working for, but I felt like at SAP I could make a larger impact. Although SAP is a large company with many careers paths, there were two career paths I considered. The first was position as a consultant which is a position where I would help utility companies who have purchased the SAP software implement them. This was a position much closer to what I was already doing with my current company. The second and the one in which I applied for was a position where I develop solution suites and then demo the solutions to the utilities considering purchasing software to meet their business needs. Upon researching the position, I had come to a specific understanding of what the role was and it turned out the role was much different than I thought. Why? It was most likely perceptual blocks that caused the disconnection. * Before I discuss the process I used to arrive at my perception of the position, I’d like to describe what I thought the position was as opposed to what the position actually was.First, I believed the position was a technical position that required technical skills in which the primary role is to configure the demo system, be present during demos to demonstrate the system and assist the sales team during technical discussions. * The reality of the role is that this position actually is a sales position. Technical skills are not required but can be helpful, and the individual fulfilling this role in the sales process is there to articulate the value of the software, actively participate in sales discussions, and focus more on selling than on advising, including cross-selling and up-selling. The primary disconnect is that I believed the role to be more technical where the individual supported the sales team, but the role is directly on the sales team. * The perceptual process that was used when arriving at my view of the position looked like the following: * Do I have any personal experience to draw from? * Do I have any information or documentation to review? * Can I find new or more information to review? * Is there anyone I can talk to that can provide information? * Once I gather enough information, I then evaluate the information.I determine the source for credibility and begin to derive a position. In some cases, no matter how much information is available and how credible the source of that information, personal barriers can get in the way of honestly interpreting the information. * One of the reasons there may have been a difference in my perception of the position and the reality of the position could be that in addition to the logical components of my perceptual process, there were also components at a subconscious level influencing my perception as well.In my psyche, I had a picture of the position and I believe I wanted that picture to hold true. Therefore, even as I obtained mor e knowledge and facts, I may have subconsciously readjusted the way I consumed the information in order for my perception to hold true which as a perceptual block. * When I think back as to how I came to a perceived reality of the position I was applying for, I think the personal barriers that came into play during this process were: denial and rationalization.Personal barriers are personal beliefs or subconscious thoughts that hinder our ability to honestly and accurate assess a situation. In my case and in this situation, I attempted to rationalize what I heard and what I read into logical thoughts that met my expectations. I denied taking what I heard at face value and opted to put my own perceptive spin on the information. * Personal barriers can play a major role in thought and how one perceives reality.In my case I suffered from rationalization and denial, but there are other barriers such as religious barriers, enculturation, projection, and anger (Thinking 2007) to name a fe w. It is important to recognize these barriers in advance when possible; otherwise resulting decisions can have lasting impacts. In my case I accepted a position that is not exactly what I was looking for. I have a great job, work with great people and for a great company, but the work is not what I was expecting. Some days I really enjoy it where as others not so much.If I had a firm grasp on the role exactly as it is I may not have applied for the position, but I’m not sorry I did and I cannot complain. * REFERENCES Kirby, G. R. , & Goodpaster, J. R. , (2007) Thinking: An interdisciplinary approach to critical thinking (4th ed) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall Morris, R. (2012, October 17). Re: Wk 1 DQ-1 â€Å"What is Critical Thinking? † [Online forum Comment]. Retrieved from  https://classroom. phoenix. edu/afm215/secure/view-thread. jspa? threadID=47848193 Nature of Thought Paper Nature of Thought Paper Robert D. Morris II University of Phoenix Online PHL 251 Devon Smith * * Nature of Thought Paper * * The idea of thought in and of itself requires critical thinking to define. Thinking is an abstract concept that could take on virtually any definition provided to it. In fact, I quote something I once stated which was â€Å"Critical Thinking is our personal way of receiving information (whether it be verbal, written, visual, or received by one of our other senses), evaluating the information against our beliefs, experiences, situation, external factors and ultimately coming to a decision. (Morris, 2012). * Having stated and quoted that, there are many times when my perception of a situation does not represent the reality of the situation. One’s personal influence on how they interpret facts and information through their cultural beliefs and emotions can have drastic impacts on the output and their view of the situation. I can remember back to a recent j ob I applied for. I was very interested in working for SAP America. I had been supporting SAP solutions at a public utility I had been working for, but I felt like at SAP I could make a larger impact. Although SAP is a large company with many careers paths, there were two career paths I considered. The first was position as a consultant which is a position where I would help utility companies who have purchased the SAP software implement them. This was a position much closer to what I was already doing with my current company. The second and the one in which I applied for was a position where I develop solution suites and then demo the solutions to the utilities considering purchasing software to meet their business needs. Upon researching the position, I had come to a specific understanding of what the role was and it turned out the role was much different than I thought. Why? It was most likely perceptual blocks that caused the disconnection. * Before I discuss the process I used to arrive at my perception of the position, I’d like to describe what I thought the position was as opposed to what the position actually was.First, I believed the position was a technical position that required technical skills in which the primary role is to configure the demo system, be present during demos to demonstrate the system and assist the sales team during technical discussions. * The reality of the role is that this position actually is a sales position. Technical skills are not required but can be helpful, and the individual fulfilling this role in the sales process is there to articulate the value of the software, actively participate in sales discussions, and focus more on selling than on advising, including cross-selling and up-selling. The primary disconnect is that I believed the role to be more technical where the individual supported the sales team, but the role is directly on the sales team. * The perceptual process that was used when arriving at my view of the position looked like the following: * Do I have any personal experience to draw from? * Do I have any information or documentation to review? * Can I find new or more information to review? * Is there anyone I can talk to that can provide information? * Once I gather enough information, I then evaluate the information.I determine the source for credibility and begin to derive a position. In some cases, no matter how much information is available and how credible the source of that information, personal barriers can get in the way of honestly interpreting the information. * One of the reasons there may have been a difference in my perception of the position and the reality of the position could be that in addition to the logical components of my perceptual process, there were also components at a subconscious level influencing my perception as well.In my psyche, I had a picture of the position and I believe I wanted that picture to hold true. Therefore, even as I obtained mor e knowledge and facts, I may have subconsciously readjusted the way I consumed the information in order for my perception to hold true which as a perceptual block. * When I think back as to how I came to a perceived reality of the position I was applying for, I think the personal barriers that came into play during this process were: denial and rationalization.Personal barriers are personal beliefs or subconscious thoughts that hinder our ability to honestly and accurate assess a situation. In my case and in this situation, I attempted to rationalize what I heard and what I read into logical thoughts that met my expectations. I denied taking what I heard at face value and opted to put my own perceptive spin on the information. * Personal barriers can play a major role in thought and how one perceives reality.In my case I suffered from rationalization and denial, but there are other barriers such as religious barriers, enculturation, projection, and anger (Thinking 2007) to name a fe w. It is important to recognize these barriers in advance when possible; otherwise resulting decisions can have lasting impacts. In my case I accepted a position that is not exactly what I was looking for. I have a great job, work with great people and for a great company, but the work is not what I was expecting. Some days I really enjoy it where as others not so much.If I had a firm grasp on the role exactly as it is I may not have applied for the position, but I’m not sorry I did and I cannot complain. * REFERENCES Kirby, G. R. , & Goodpaster, J. R. , (2007) Thinking: An interdisciplinary approach to critical thinking (4th ed) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall Morris, R. (2012, October 17). Re: Wk 1 DQ-1 â€Å"What is Critical Thinking? † [Online forum Comment]. Retrieved from  https://classroom. phoenix. edu/afm215/secure/view-thread. jspa? threadID=47848193

Analyzing a play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing a play - Essay Example In addition, the play introduces the elocution of Chicanos, composing of code switching linking Spanish and English. The main conflict displayed in the play is racism. It is shown by distinguishing the Mexican and American stereotype. Miss. Jimenez arrives from the office of the governor to buy a brown skinned robot for the operation because it will look good to own a Mexican type on the staff. Later, Honest Sancho promotes all his models by explaining the characteristics of each model. Secretary comments, â€Å"You still do not understand what is required. It is true we need Mexican models, such as these, but it is more crucial that he be American.† However, the secretary rejects all the models since they did not fit her needs. To solve the case of racism, while facing pressure from the Americans, Mexican-Americans should determine whether they are going to have Mexican American origins. They talk both Spanish and English and this shows that they still have the Chicano origin, but they do not have to disrespect their heritage or ignore the ethnicity. Americans require the Mexican-Americans to be well educated, well-mannered and very hard working, (Huerta 274). Sancho and Miss Jimenez are deviant figures that may be contemplated as role models for Chicanos in the eyes of Anglo-American community. The conflict of social culture that is overcome by Mexicans who exist in the United States is keeping the loyalty toward their own group the external impulsions to turn opposing their own. Miss Jimenez is the one who cannot keep her own discernment so that she loses her ethical identity as Mexican since she contemplates being American. It is exhibited in the play that Miss Jimenez tries to create a new social origin as an American. Secretary, â€Å"No, thank you. The governor possesses a luncheon this afternoon, and we require a brown face in the throng. How do I drive him?† Sancho is the main protagonist; in the play, he is portrayed as a

The Impact of Nursing Shortage upon the Healthcare Industry Research Paper

The Impact of Nursing Shortage upon the Healthcare Industry - Research Paper Example Different studies were conducted in the past concerning the possible causes of the increasing shortage of nurses and the impact on the quality of health services provided to the patients. This research will intend to gather the opinions of nurses and doctors with respect to the surging pressure resulting from the declining numbers of nurses. It becomes evident that the number of nurses offering care to patients is declining over time for various reasons. Some of these reasons include low salaries accorded to nurses, and the increasing requirements of nursing practice. Other researchers have attributed the decline to the lack of favorable working conditions, the rising demands of aged people requiring health care, and availability of other career options. The research hopes to rely on data collected from 85 participants who will describe their opinions as answers to the questionnaires. For this research to be a success, there is the need for the researcher to determine specific method s that will be used in evaluating the data collected from filled-in online questionnaires. Data evaluation involves both the process of collection and that of analysis (Blunch, 2008). SPSS is one of the software products available in the market, which is critical in analyzing data from questionnaires. It has the potential to analyze and validate data from questionnaires, so it will be the data collection method used in this search. Since SPSS can analyze multivariate factors, it has a lot of validity as an effective tool in this research. I will expect data highlighting different factors, and I can rely on it to analyze the various responses from participants in my research. Reliability and validity. Three procedures in data evaluation will be used and include metadata preparation, data validation, and model preparation (Boswell & Cannon, 2011). The use of SPSS will offer a level of integration between validity and reliability as the tool helps the researcher analyze data effectivel y irrespective of how many variables exist. The SPSS software enables readers and other related parties to be certain of the undertaken research and gleaned information. Therefore, it is essentially a reliable and valid tool to deliver updated information concerning health issues and ascertaining the extent to which some of those issues may be hibernating to cause an unprecedented harm. The approach is reliable in aiding researchers to acquire certainty in medical and nursing procedures, thus ensuring validity of the accrued findings. It is a valid tool to guarantee accuracy and evidently proven researches. The essence is that the software diminishes any chances of perforation of information and data while enabling researchers to engage in advanced experiments to solve vital health issues. The coefficient values will be also calculated using SPSS. This explains why this tool will be of immense help in this research. The fact that SPSS can assist in performing all these tasks proves its reliability and validity. After data evaluation, the researcher will come up with graphical representations of the results and correlation values making it easy to draw conclusions (Polit & Beck, 2013). The software guarantees the safekeeping of data in different versions and ease in accessibility. Therefore, it is the most

Identity theft how it has affected societies way of life and reality Research Paper

Identity theft how it has affected societies way of life and reality - Research Paper Example Every part of an individual’s life is surrounded with electronic items such as computers, cell phones and credit cards. Transfer of information is taking place every second in our lives, whether we are at home, work or educational centres; information is flowing from one at to another at every next moment. Due to immense use of technology, individuals end up leaving a huge track of footprints that are digital in nature. These tracks can be used by any other individual to obtain personal as well as public information of any particular individual. If these footprints fall in the hands of people who may use them wrongly, we may end up suffering heavy losses both emotionally and financially. Identity theft is referred to the criminal act of impersonating as another individual and obtaining benefits in the name of that individual. Identity theft may even be used to obtain an individual’s information and then committing crimes in the name of that individual. The US General Ac counting Office has defined identity theft as an act of obtaining an individual’s information and using that information to gain financial benefits (Hayward, 2004, p.93). Information and Privacy Commissioner defines this crime as an act of impersonating as another individual and then obtaining credit in his name (Barnard-Wills, 2012, p.188). A survey conducted by the Federal Trade Commission conducted in 2003 stated that during 2002 the number of victims of identity theft have tripled as compared to the statistics of 2001 ((Hayward, 2004, p.61). The Chubb Insurance conducted a survey during 2005 and figured out that one American our 5 American is a victim of this crime. Identity theft can be conducted in various ways (Loberg, 2004, p.34). The methods of conducting this crime are being updated and altered quite frequently. Activities of injecting an individual’s computer system with viruses and malicious instruments are conducted

The Role of a PPC Manager in a Leading Company Term Paper

The Role of a PPC Manager in a Leading Company - Term Paper Example Goals could be varied for clients. For some clients, the aim is branding and for some others, it could be a direct response. Some clients focus on improving their return on investment and some others focus on improving the traffic to their website. The role of the PPC Manager also involves identifying the goals of the clients, setting up, and maintaining the campaign in such a way that the aim of the client is fulfilled. Based on job analysis, the key aspects of the role include managing a portfolio of client accounts, interacting directly with the clients to understand their business, driving revenue and improving customer satisfaction. The PPC Manager should be able to optimize the performance of the campaign, set and implement strategies to achieve the goal of the client and demonstrate product expertise on PPC models. Apart from being an expert on analytics and reporting, they should also demonstrate their expertise on industry trends and customer education.   The basic pre-requisite of the candidate is to have around 3 years of experience in key account management, have proficiency in Microsoft Excel, be flexible and open, have very good communication and interpersonal skills. The candidate also should be a graduate with a good academic background. The HR Executive would conduct the phone screen interview. The aim of this interview is to see if the candidate fulfills the basic criterion required for the job.  

Admission essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Admission - Essay Example ge of health information technology (HIT) employees is evident in the health centres and facilities since the industry started the implementation of electronic records. The 2008 bureau of labour pointed out that the by 2018, health facilities will require an addition of 35,000 workers. In America, there is a shortage of 50,000 HIT workers requires in the next five years according to the American Medical Informatics Association (Health Informatics and Health Information Management, 2014). There is the need to train HIT workers to deal with the data entry standards and the new coding methods in addition to the online insurance requirements. In the rural areas, the case is worse as the adoption of the health information technology and staff training due to the high costs of implementation. A number of the medical staff lacks experiences in the project management skills and the health care processes. The frequent training changes since technology changes rapidly and also due to inadequat e sustainability plans. The cost of hiring IT workers is expensive making it challenging for all the health facilities to employ new staff especially replacement due to attrition. The other issue experienced by the Health Management System is competition for IT workers in the other industries. All sectors of the economy are recruiting Information Technologists as they try to digitalize their industries (Health Informatics and Health Information Management, 2014). The candidates graduating from colleges and technical institutions offering IT training are not enough for the entire market. As a result, some of the industries such as health are understaffed. Some government and public hospitals do not pay well as compared to the private sector, which makes most of the IT specialists prefer working in the private industry as opposed to the public health facilities. The terms and conditions of employment are also good in the private sector leading to the exodus of IT staff from the health

Genentech's move to restrict the use of its drug Avastin, its Cancer Essay

Genentech's move to restrict the use of its drug Avastin, its Cancer Drug, by ophthalmologists on Eye - Essay Example in disallowing physicians and pharmacists from obtaining Avastin from wholesale distributors1, there are still questions pertaining to the motives which need clarification. Why do they have to restrict the distribution of Avastin for off-label use? Why did they have to refuse the proposal of the American Ophthalmologist Community to conduct a comparative study between Avastin and Lucentis in AMD? What are their motives in doing this decision? We cannot hastily justify, so we are not yet certain whether they are just protecting their own financial interests, or there might be other reasons behind this decision which necessitates such action. Even though the FDA approved the use of Avastin not for ophthalmic use, there is no issue of legality should physicians use the drug other than its recommended indication2, when the physician believe it to be appropriate, under his own risks of doing a medical malpractice3. Due to the drug’s anti-angiogenesis property, it was being used by physicians in treating various eye disorders precipitated by the leak caused by the blood vessels in the eye causing detachment of the retina4. The studies regarding the use of Avastin in eye disorders thru Pubmed search (limited to clinical trials and RCT and published within 3 years) reveals positive beneficial effects, yet requiring further long-term clinical studies. An attempt to investigate the long-term comparison between the two drugs was still on-going, yet an early result of the prospective randomized controlled trial reveals no difference between Avastin and Lucentis in effectiveness for choroidal neovascularizaton secondary to AMD5. Genentech’s decision to allow or suppress the availability of Avastin to the market may have legal implications that would threaten the company. The FDA approves the indication for the drugs after undergoing extensive research, toxicological assessments and clinical trials6. However, using the drugs beyond its indicated use, called

To what extent is the novel of adultery a critique of society Essay

To what extent is the novel of adultery a critique of society - Essay Example In order for there to be a ‘novel of adultery’, adultery itself must exist. In other words, the society in which the narrative is played out must regard sexual infidelity to a life-partner as a crime or sin. The very word ‘adultery’ is pejorative, deeply condemnatory, and would have been even more so to Russian readers in the late nineteenth century. Unlike French society, which compensated those in arranged marriages by tolerating the keeping of mistresses, the Russian aristocracy demanded that any sexual activity outside marriage must be strictly discreet – and if the offender was a woman, the stakes were very high indeed. An errant husband might conceivably enhance his reputation through dalliances with the right ladies, but if a woman’s indiscretions were made public, she was liable to lose everything. Adultery therefore cannot exist outside its social setting. It owes its very existence to society. Consequently, any novel with adultery as its main theme must inevitably examine the social framework in which this adultery takes place. To this extent then, the ‘novel of adultery’ is certainly a novel about society’s values, rules, taboos and punishments. Those values, however, are not always set in stone, and are certainly not always fair. As Christo N Koutroulis1 points out in an essay examining the meaning of the novel’s epigraph, ‘while Oblonsky and Princess Tverskaya were having extramarital affairs, Princess Tverskaya had no problems with judging and shunning Anna.’ Adultery, the author seems to suggest, is a dangerous game with complex rules and endless possibilities for personal ruin, but it is possible for certain individuals to play it to their own advantage. As we see, Anna is not one of those fortunate few. Although society’s values are extremely important in Anna Karenina, the novel is far more intricate than the simple record of a woman who broke the rules and

Identification of Country Specific Social Infrastructure Problems Essay Example for Free

Identification of Country Specific Social Infrastructure Problems Essay Having a sound understanding on the economic procedures of different nations can greatly help each one of them to combat internal social problems. With the establishment of international organizations to assist poor countries in structuring their societies, it is of utmost importance to provide them with the basic facts of the dilemmas experienced by low-performing economies. A great deal to support the functional institutions is to assist them in coming up with a credible and non-biased sets of facts about the countries which they intend to assist. Â   Apparently, there are some cases in which monetary assistances do not actually reach the full potential of social projects due to inevitable factors such as inefficient fund allocation, corruption and unidentified resolution effects. In this aspect, it is very important to have a reliable source of information about the priority problems of each country in terms of social infrastructure building. Objectives The main objective of the research proposal is to come up with a reliable database which will tabulate the economic problems of each underdeveloped economy. These information will be used to support the programs of international funding organizations such as IMF and the World Bank. These databases will incorporate the designation of a single standard outline which will then effectively identify the problems of the states, the key priority acts in resolving them and the estimated enough allocation of funds. Methodology In order to have a database of country profiles, it is necessary to collect data at the lowest parameter of the study-the countries themselves. Primarily, each country has its own varying degrees of social law implementation which addresses the supposedly obvious problems of each economy. 1. Global Identification of Developing/Underdeveloped countries. The list of countries belonging in these segments is available from the United Nations’ country data profile. This may save the research procedure some time and financial resources since countries will be narrowed down into a specific list. 2. After the gathering of country profiles, the next approach is to retrieve data values from respective government agencies of each country through personal office visits, e-mail transmission or telephone and telefax reception of data. The main facts which will be needed are yearly budget allocation for social welfare programs, population of each country, GDP rates, specific population of women and children, government yearly spending on health care and general infrastructure budget allocation which are all basically used as country performance indicators (Cool Fire Technology, 2004). These values will be tabulated on a computer program for easy filtering and ranking of data values in prioritizing specific country concerns. 3. Upon the retrieval of the designated data, they will then be compared to the instructional references of the World Bank or IMF to identify which of the countries will most likely need to get assistances from the two international organizations. Afterwards, a full recommendation for assistance may be requested from them to highlight the importance of helping the countries based on the specific country profile report gathering. Timeline The procedures involving the retrieval of country specific data may be regarded as the most extensive and most demanding factor in terms of time frame allocation. This procedure is projected to cover at least three to four months. If the latest country data is available from reliable resources, then those data will be used instead of conducting country specific data retrieval and interviews. On the procedures which involve the submission of reports to the funding agencies, the time expected for completion is at least two weeks after the end of country specific database construction.

Chicago-style pizza Essay Example for Free

Chicago-style pizza Essay Pizza Hut (corporately known as Pizza Hut, Inc. ) is an American restaurant chain and international franchise that offers different styles of pizza along with side dishes including salad, pasta, buffalo wings, breadsticks, and garlic bread. Pizza Hut is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc. , the worlds largest restaurant company. [2] As of 2012, there were more than 6,000 Pizza Hut restaurants in the United States, and more than 5,139 store locations in 94 other countries and territories around the world. Concept and format. Pizza Hut is split into several different restaurant formats; the original family-style dine-in locations; store front delivery and carry-out locations; and hybrid locations that offer carry-out, delivery, and dine-in options. Many full-size Pizza Hut locations offer lunch buffet, with all-you-can-eat pizza, salad, bread sticks, and a special pasta. Additionally, Pizza Hut also has a number of other business concepts that are different from the store type; Pizza Hut Bistro locations are Red Roofs which offer an expanded menu and slightly more upscale options. Pizza Hut Express and The Hut locations are fast food restaurants. They offer a limited menu with many products not found at traditional Pizza Huts. These type of stores are often paired in a colocated location with a sibling brand such as WingStreet, KFC or Taco Bell, and are also found on college campuses, food courts, theme parks, and in stores such as Target and Walmart. Vintage Red Roof locations can be found throughout the United States, and quite a few exist in the UK and Australia, and Mexico. Even so, many such locations offer delivery/carryout service. This building style was common in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The name Red Roof is somewhat anachronistic now, since many locations have brown roofs. Dozens of Red Roofs have closed or been relocated/rebuilt. Many Red Roof branches have beer if not a full bar, music from a jukebox, and sometimes an arcade. In the mid 1980s, the company moved into other successful formats including delivery/carryout and the fast food Express model. The oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut in the world is in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University. Products In North America, Pizza Hut sells Stuffed crust pizza, with the outermost edge wrapped around a cylinder of mozzarella cheese; Hand-Tossed, more like traditional pizzeria crusts; Thin N Crispy, a thin, crisp dough which was Pizza Huts original style; Dippin Strips pizza, a pizza cut into small strips that can be dipped into a number of sauces; and The Edge pizza, where the toppings nearly reach to the edge of the pizza. There was also formerly a crust that was not as thick as Pizza Huts pan pizza, and not as thin as its thin crust. This crust was used on the Full House XL pizza and discontinued in 2007. There are regional differences in the products and bases sold. [4] Pizza Hut experiments with new products frequently, with less successful ones being discontinued. These include the initially popular two-foot by one-foot square cut pizza Bigfoot, the 16 Big New Yorker, made with a sweet sauce, the Chicago Dish Pizza and Sicilian pizza, the latter also offered in 2006 as Lasagna Pizza. Other products Pizza Hut has offered are the Pzone, which is Pizza Huts version of the calzone; the Cheesy Bites pizza, similar to the Stuffed Crust pizza except the crust has been divided into 28 bite-sized pieces that can be pulled apart; and the Insider pizza, where a layer of cheese is in between two layers of dough. Another limited time offer was a Double Deep pizza with double the toppings and 50% more cheese, with the crust wrapped over the top to hold in all the toppings. In 1985 Pizza Hut introduced the Priazzo,[5] a two-crusted Italian pie that resembled a deep-dish pizza. Varieties included Priazzo Milano, a blend of Italian sausage, pepperoni, beef, pork fillings, a hint of bacon, mozzarella and cheddar cheese; Priazzo Florentine, a light blend of five cheeses with ham and a touch of spinach, and Priazzo Roma, stuffed with pepperoni, mushrooms, Italian sausage, pork filling, onions, mozzarella and cheddar cheese. The double-crusted pie was topped with a layer of tomato sauce and melted cheese. The Priazzo was introduced by a $15 million advertising campaign, but proved too labor-intensive and was removed from the menu several years later. Depending on the individual restaurant size, Pizza Huts also may offer pasta dinners such as spaghetti and Cavatini – a mixture of Cavatelli (shells), Rotini (spirals), and Rotelle (wheels). Pizza Hut Bistro concept location located in Indianapolis. A new, upscale concept was unveiled in 2004, called Pizza Hut Italian Bistro. Unveiled at fifty locations nationwide, the Bistro is similar to a traditional Pizza Hut, except that new, Italian themed dishes are offered, such as penne pasta, chicken pomodoro, toasted sandwiches and other foods. [6] Instead of black, white, and red, Bistro locations feature a burgundy and tan motif. [7] Pizza Hut Bistros still serve the chains traditional pizzas and sides as well. In some cases, Pizza Hut has replaced a Red Roof location with the new concept. Pizza Hut on May 9, 2008, created and sold in Seattle, Denver, and Dallas, The Natural, featuring organic ingredients. This was discontinued on October 27, 2009 in the Dallas market. [8] It has since launched a nationwide advertising campaign. Also in 2008, Pizza Hut created their biggest pizza ever, the Panormous Pizza. A small Pizza Hut offering takeaway and delivery only in Bramley, Leeds, UK. Pizza Hut introduced stuffed pan pizza on August 23, 2009. Unlike a regular stuffed crust pizza, cheese is not inside the crust, just pressed into the pan crust. Pizza Hut introduced the Big Italy, a pizza that is almost two feet long on August 22, 2010. In 2010, Pizza Hut came under fire when its supplier of palm oil, Sinar Mas, was exposed to be illegally slashing and burning the Paradise Forests of Indonesia to plant palm oil plantations. [9] Due to its previous ownership by PepsiCo, Pizza Hut, as with all Yum! Brands concepts, have a lifetime contract to sell Pepsi products. While Pizza Hut was owned by Pepsi, all three of Pizza Huts major competitorsDominos Pizza, Papa Johns Pizza, and Little Caesarsall sold Coca-Cola products. However, since Pepsis divestment of its restaurant business, both Papa Johns (in 2012)[10] and Little Caesars (in 2007)[11] later switched to Pepsi products themselves. In 2012, Pizza Hut released its own brand of perfume. [12] Advertising Pizza Huts very first ad was Putt Putt to the Pizza Hut. It starts with a man apparently ordering take-out and driving his 1965 Mustang JR to Pizza Hut, while some of the townspeople start chasing him. He picks up his pizza and goes to his house, when all of the people who were chasing him start eating all the pizza except the man who ordered it. Frustrated, he calls Pizza Hut again. Until early 2007, Pizza Huts main advertising slogan was Gather round the good stuff, and was Now Youre Eating! from 2008 to 2009. From 2009 to 2012, the advertising slogan was Your Favorites. Your Pizza Hut. The advertising slogan is currently Make it great, an updated version of the original Makin it great slogan that was used from 1987 to 1993. Pizza Hut does not have an official international mascot, but at one time, there were commercials in the United States called The Pizza Head Show. These commercials ran from 1993 to 1997 and were based loosely on the Mr. Bill shorts from Saturday Night Live in the 1970s. The ads featured a slice of pizza with a face made out of toppings called Pizza Head. In the 1970s Pizza Hut used the signature red roof with a jolly man named Pizza Hut Pete. Pete was on the bags, cups, balloons and hand puppets for the kids. In Australia during the Mid to late 1990s, the advertising mascot was a delivery boy named Dougie, with boyish good looks who, upon delivering pizza to his father, would hear the catchphrase Heres a tip: be good to your mother. Adding to the impact of these advertisements, the role of Dougie was played by famous Australian soap opera and police drama actor Diarmid Heidenreich. Pizza Hut sponsored the 1989 film Back to the Future Part II, and offered a free pair of futuristic sunglasses, known as Solar Shades, with the purchase of Pizza Hut pizza. Pizza Hut also engaged in product placement within the film itself, having a futuristic version of their logo with their trademarked red hut printed on the side of a mylar dehydrated pizza wrapper in the McFly family dinner scene, and appear on a storefront in Hill Valley in the year 2015. [13] The 1990 NES game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Arcade Game, came with a coupon for a free pizza. The game was filled with Pizza Hut advertising (the first ever console video game with product placement) and pizza that would refill the characters life. In 1994, Donald Trump and ex-wife Ivana Trump starred in a commercial. The ending of the commercial showed Ivana Trump asking for the last slice, to which Donald replied, Actually dear, youre only entitled to half, a play on the couples recent divorce. In 1995, Ringo Starr starred in a Pizza Hut commercial which also featured The Monkees. Rush Limbaugh also starred in a Pizza Hut commercial the same year, where he boasts that nobody is more right than me, yet he states that for the first time he will do something wrong, which was to participate in Pizza Huts then eating pizza crust first campaign regarding their stuffed crust pizzas. Talk show host Jonathan Ross, co-starred in an ad with American model, Caprice Bourret. They were used to advertise the stuffed crust pizza, with Jonathan Ross saying Stuffed Cwust, to which is a play on Jonathans pronunciation of Rs. Another UK ad shows British Formula One driver Damon Hill visit a Pizza Hut restaurant and order a pizza, with famous F1 commentator Murray Walker visiting with him, and narrating as though it was a Formula One race. As Hill is about to finish his meal, Walker, in a play on Hills 1994 1995 seasons where he was runner up in the Formula One World Championship both won by Michael Schumacher, shouts And Hill finishes second, again! at which Hill grabs Walker by his shirt and shakes him angrily, Walker proclaiming, in his usual tones, Hes lost it! Hes out of control! Following Englands defeat to Germany on penalties in the semi-finals of Euro 96, Gareth Southgate, Stuart Pearce and Chris Waddle featured in an advert. The advert shows Southgate wearing a paper bag over his head in shame as he was the one, who missed the crucial penalty against the Germans. Waddle and Pearce, who both missed penalty kicks in Italia 90 are ridiculing him, emphasising the word miss at every opportunity. After Southgate finishes his pizza he takes off his paper bag, heads for the door and bangs his head against the wall. Pearce responds with, this time hes hit the post. In 1997, former Soviet Union Premier Mikhail Gorbachev starred in a Pizza Hut commercial to raise money for the Perestroyka Archives. In recent years, Pizza Hut has had various celebrity spokespeople, including Jessica Simpson, the Muppets, and Damon Hill and Murray Walker. Recent commercials have Queen Latifah providing the voiceover. Also in 1997, Pizza Hut, reunited greatest of all time boxer Muhammad Ali with trainer Angelo Dundee in a sentimental made for Super Bowl commercial. In 1999, the game Crazy Taxi for Sega Dreamcast featured Pizza Hut as one of the locations that players were able to drive to and drop off customers. However, in the 2010 re-release of the game for Xbox Live and PlayStation Network, all of the product placement, including the Pizza Hut locations were removed. [14] Pizza Hut sponsored the first space pizza delivery in 2001 to the International Space Station (ISS), and paid for their logo to appear on a Russian Proton rocket in 2000, which launched the Russian Zvezda module. [15] January 2003 saw Pizza Huts Adverts Slogan Called Eat. Laugh. Share. the Commercials are Created By Head Gear Animation as of January 2007 the New Commercial we called The 4 For All At The End of the Excitement Commercial. Hew Open and Closes the Pizza Hut Box to reveal an Underwater while saying ? Se puede tener un Pizza Pan The Subtitles with the words Can you Have a Pan Pizza in it Early 2007 saw Pizza Hut move into several more interactive ways of marketing to the consumer. Utilizing mobile phone SMS technology and their MyHut ordering site, they aired several television commercials (commencing just before the Super Bowl) containing hidden words that viewers could type into their phones to receive coupons. Other innovative efforts included their MySpace Ted campaign, which took advantage of the popularity of social networking, and the burgeoning user-submission marketing movement via their Vice President of Pizza contest. As of October 2009, Pizza Hut is advertising its WingStreet brand on a nationwide basis, having met its internal requirement of 80% of stores having the product available.

Separating Mixtures Back Into Their Components | Experiment

Separating Mixtures Back Into Their Components | Experiment Abstract To separate these mixtures it was appropriate to understand the physical and chemical structures of all the substances situated within the mixture. After separating these mixtures based on their physical and chemical properties; it was then appropriate to compare their experimental masses compared to their actual masses. Once separating these mixtures and comparing their masses it was important to record any discrepancies which may have been observed throughout the experiment. Background Information The mixture was composed of the following substances; 5.5g sand 2.4g iron fillings 25ml methylated spirits 13g of NaCl 0.6 g of sodium sulfhate 13ml of hexane The aim of this experiment was to separate a mixture back into its original components based on the mixtures physical and chemical components. A mixture is when two or more substances are combined by forceful means, such as pouring substances into a container. The molecules of the combined substances then mix with the others to create the forms of solutions, suspensions and colloids. These mixtures can be classified as homogenous or heterogeneous solutions. A heterogeneous mixture contains unevenly distributed liquids, gases and particles. The sand, iron, and hexane are all immiscible substances when mixed in the mixture, therefore many unevenly distributed particles and liquids are present in the mixture, thus categorizing the mixture as a heterogeneous. Mixtures usually do not consist of chemical bonding between the substances, thus allowing the mixture to be separated using simple methods of filtration. As the mixture contains sand, iron, hexane and methylated spirits basic filtration can be applied based on each substances chemical and physical properties. However as NaCl and Na2S04 do undergo chemical reactions with the water present in the mixture; this creates a barrier for any type of filtration. It is therefore appropriate to analyze the chemical and physical properties of each NaCl and Na2SO4, and find an appropriate method to extract both miscible substances from the mixture. Therefore it is applicable to note that substances are separated based on their chemical and physical properties. Therefore analyzing the physical and chemical properties of each component situated in the mixture, appropriate separation techniques can be identified. The most obvious separable substance situated in the mixture is Hexane. Hexane is oil, used for many necessities of life, such as cooking. As seen in figure 1, hexane has the chemical formula C6 H14 and it only contains hydrogen and carbon atoms, thus putting the solvent into the category of an alkane (hydrocarbon). Hexanes chemical structure is dependent on its alkane properties; its hydrogens are exclusively linked by single bonds to carbon, this is also known as a covalent molecule. As the electrons are being shared this creates similar charges for the hydrogens and carbon atoms. As both atoms electrons have similar negative charges they repel each-other and create a non-polar substance. As non-polar substances are immiscible in water, hexane will not mix in water as its a non-polar molecule. Instead of mixing in water, hexane with a light density of 0.654g/ml will sit on top of the water as water has a heavier density of approximately .995g/ml. In contrast to hexane, water is a polar molecule. The two oxygens bound to the one hydrogen create a V shape with the hydrogen atoms. As seen in figure 2 it is noticeable that when hydrogen atoms bond with oxygen, the hydrogen releases one of their electrons to form a covalent bond. Due to hydrogens electrons being attracted to the positive electron oxygen, the two hydrogens become slightly positively charged, and the oxygen then becomes negatively charged. (www.ozh2o.com, 2003). The dissociation of the positive and negative charges produces a polar molecule. Due to the above mentioned physical and chemical properties of hexane and water, the most efficient way of separating hexane from the mixture, will be the use of decanting. And also using a separation funnel. Decanting is the process of carefully pouring a lower density liquid off the top of another, such as hexane and water. It is poured into another beaker and then separated again using the separation funnel. A separation funnel is used to slowly and carefully drop by drop separate the heavier in density substance (water). Another substance that is present in the mixture that is also miscible in water is sand. Sand also known as silicon dioxide has a chemical formulae of Si02 and has a tetrahedral chemical structure, as seen in figure 3. Figure 3 clearly shows the four oxygens surrounding the central atom Si which creates a triangular shaped structure; hence the reason silicon dioxide can be classified as a tetrahedral crystal. Out of all the silica crystallines, on average only two out of the four oxygens of the Si04 are shared with others, giving the formula Si02 (book reference). Due to sand sharing pairs of electrons between its atom it consists of having an extensive covalent chemical bond. Its extensive covalent chemical bonding creates a strong bonding with the elements oxygen and Si, thus meaning the chemical formula Si02 is a strong element. As sand has a hard quartz figure it is insoluble with water, therefore separating sand from the mixture filtration can be used as it separates the liquids from the hard solutions. Another solution that has a hard like figure and is insoluble to water that is in the mixture  is iron fillings. Iron fillings are composed of iron or Fe. Iron fillings are a type of ferromagnetic material which can be easily attracted to a magnet. The electrons orbiting the iron atom resemble a current, thus this results in a small magnetism to each individual electron; this can be amplified by the spinning of the electrons. This then means the tiny pieces of iron can transform to a tiny bar magnetic when a magnetic field is in area of them, thus irons opposite ends attract to the opposite ends of a magnet. For example the north end of iron would be attracted to the south end of the magnet. As iron is also a substance that is insoluble in water the method filtration will be most effective to separate the iron from the mixture. As iron is already classified as a ferromagnetic metal, this means its domain already consist of a high degree of magnetization. However as seen in figure 4, when coming into contact with a magnetic field, the domain become randomly orientated. Also when iron comes into contact with a more modest magnetic field the domain can become aligned in the direction of the force. As both sand and iron fillings are insoluble in water, they will sink to the bottom of the mixture not having a chemical reaction with any other substances. This sediment at the bottom of the mixture can be separated first using filtration as the sand and iron will be trapped in the funnel paper. However to separate the sand from the iron, using a magnet will be appropriate as irons domain will be attracted to the opposite end of the magnet, as seen earlier in figure 4. As seen in figure 5 filtration is the use of a funnel, funnel paper and a beaker. The beaker is used to catch the mixtures liquids and the funnel paper used to stop and absorb any fine sediment, in the case of the experiment iron and sand. Once the mixture is poured  through the funnel paper the sand and iron will be left on the funnel paper and the mixture will be separated from the iron and sand in the beaker. It will then be appropriate to use a magnet to separate the iron from the sand. However as the sand iron will be wet, leaving the mixed solution of sand and iron to dry will be appropriate. Magnetic separation consists of using a magnetic to attract the ferromagnetic metal iron. As seen in figure 6, once attracting the iron from the sand, the iron will be on the magnet and very hard to separate from the magnet. Thus using glad wrap over the magnet the glad-wrap will be easily removed from the magnet as it is nonmagnetic and the iron fillings would be easily poured onto a watch glass. Once extrapolating the obvious and simple substances from the mixture, it is then appropriate to separate the methylated spirits. Methylated spirits also known as ethanol is a alcohol which consists of a certain percent of methanol added to it to create a poisons drinking substance. Methylated spirits is a polar molecule, its hydrogens, carbons and oxygens all distribute positively and negatively charges, thus creating a polar molecule. As Methylated spirits is polar it is miscible in water. Therefore as it is miscible in water the group will find filtering and decanting not an option to separate the methylated spirits from the water. Thus the group will use fractional distillation. However it is appropriate to explain why methylated spirits have a lower boiling point that Figure 7  water and this is all about the chemical structure of methylated spirits and water (H20). Methylated spirits undergo a reaction to form a hydrogen bond. As hydrogen bonds form between Hydrogens and a highly electronegative atom namely, 0, F and N, methylated spirits fall into this category. Methylated spirits contain a hydrogen and a highly electronegative oxygen atom, thus the reaction of hydrogen bonding will occur, this is seen in figure 8. Despite water is polar and also miscible in methylated spirits (metho) it does not have the same chemical structure as does methylated spirits. Water has a smaller structure and can continuously form hydrogen bonds thus enhancing its molecular strength as metho does not continue forming hydrogen bonds. This is shown in figure 9. Both figure 8 and 9 show the difference between the hydrogen bonding of both metho and H20, it is evident that water consists of very strong intermolecular forces as it is continuously forming, however metho has less opportunity for hydrogen bonding, thus its formation in structure is weaker. Therefore it is evident that the metho will need less energy to deconstruct its chemical structure compared to water as it will need more energy to breakdown its strong hydrogen bonding. Therefore based on this information it will be efficient to use fractional distillation as methylated spirits will be evaporated and be collected as the dilute. Fractional distillation is the method of separating mixtures into their original individual components based on boiling the substance that is wanting to be found boiling point. Therefore a thermometer is used to signify the what the temperature of the mixture is boiling at and as soon as it hits the boiling point of the substance wanting to be extrapolated, the gas then rises into a condenser and the condenser then condenses the gas back into a liquid, slowly dripping the liquid back into its original form. As methylated spirits has a lower boiling point (70-80 degrees)than water (100 degrees) it will be appropriate to use the fractional distillation method to find the amount of methylated spirits in the mixture. Two substances that were left in the mixture were both sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. Both these salts are soluble in water due to their chemical structures. Sodium chloride is well known as a halite (rock salt), salt which is situated in the oceans and is more chemically known as an ionic compound. As seen in figure 11, its chemical structure is very strong as it consists of an ionic bonding. The lattice structure of the ionic bonding between the two compounds creates a very strong chemical structure. In return this defines why sodium has such a high boiling point of 1413 degrees as the chemical structure needs stacks of energy to break down the composition. Sodium sulfate with the formula Na2SO, has an extremely similer structure as sodium chloride. At its solid form sodium sulfate forms a white crystal also known as a salt. Its ionic structure very alike to sodium chloride defines the reason why it also has a high boiling point of (..). Both sodium sulfate and sodium chloride are soluble in water. As H20 water is a polar molecule, in other words consists of uneven distribution of charges, the negatively charged oxygen the end of the water is attracted to the positive sodium ion in the salt. As seen in figure 12 the reaction shows the oxygen extracts the lattice structure of in this case sodium chloride, however also sodium sulfate. Therefore putting more water molecules surrounding the salt, enabling it to de-solve. (Wiki answers.com, year unknown). NaCl(s) + H2O > Na+(aq) +Cl-(aq) + H2O Therefore no separation technique can be applied to either sodium sulfhate or sodium chloride as they are both salts and dissolve in water. As they both are miscible in water and impossible to decant, filtrate, evaporate or use fractional distillation. Creating one of the solutions to form a insoluble compound would be highly affected and would then be able to filtrate out. To separate the NaCl Na2SO4 from the mixture, it was evident to use a ionic compound that reacted with an opposite charge, such as +cation attracts -anion. Therefore Barium Chloride chemical formula BaCl has two separate ionic charges Ba2+ and Cl-. These two ions are attracted to their opposite charges when coming into contact with them. This can be seen in the formula below. When adding BaCl to the mixture the following reaction will occur. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 BaSo4 + 2Na+ CL- The formula above represents the reaction of Barium and sulfate creating a solid, whereas the Na and Cl are left by themselves as spectators as they do not undergo a reaction. This then creates a insoluble solution which can be filtrated out using the basic filtration method, as mentioned before regarding sand and iron. Therefore analyzing the chemical and physical components of each substance that is present in the mixture, it was evident to what separation would be applicable to each substance; this can be seen in the flow chart below. It was then hypothesized that based on these physical and chemical properties, each substance would be extrapolated giving a 5% error range for any mistakes made throughout the experiment. Flow chart This flow chart represents what method for each substance was used to separate it from the mixture. Apparatus Evaporating disk Separation funnel Filtration funnel Filter paper Boss clamp and Retort stand Measuring cylinder 5 Beakers 0.6g of Sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4) Atomic weight scales 13ml of Vegetable Oil Spatula Barium Chloride (BaCl2) 1.3g of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Glad Wrap Electronic heating mantle 5 distillation-tube clips Round bottom flask Condensing tube Thermometer Stand Glass Rod Distillation tube 5.5g of Sand (SiO2) 2.4g of Iron fillings (Fe) Water (H2O) 25ml of Methylated Spirits Magnet Method The mixture was poured into a beaker using a stirring rod for more accuracy, separating the hexane from the mixture. The hexane was then put into a separation funnel with the mixture beaker under the tap, to retrieve any droplets of water that were still in the hexane. Thus the hexane was completely separated from the mixture. Filtration equipment was set up appropriately ready for use. Sand iron was poured through the filter paper (*2) Beaker retrieved all the liquid, thus separating the iron and sand. Sand iron put on watch glass and left over night to dry; enabling separation. Magnet covered in glad-wrap appropriately separated iron from sand. Both Sand iron were put on separate watch glasses. Fractional distillation equipment set up appropriately. Heat box turned on to boil the methylated spirits. Thermometer used to signify the boiling point of methylated spirits. Methylated spirits boiled and evaporated. Methylated spirits went through condenser; gas underwent a physical change back to the liquid (methylated spirit). Methylated spirits separated from mixture and placed in beaker. Using calculations the amount of BaCl that was needed to react with Na2So4 was found Using an electric weighing machine an exact value of Barium was then added to the mixture containing NaCl and Na2S04. BaSo4 became insoluble in the mixture, thus setting up the filtration equipment was needed. Filtration set up for separation BaS04 separated using filtration with two funnel papers and a funnel. BaS04 put on a watch glass for drying. NaCl and water was left in the mixture, thus the use of evaporating was used. Electric heater, a round bottom conical flask, condenser and tubes were set up to evaporate the water from the NaCl. Water was placed into a separate beaker and then placed in the air drying area to evaporate any extra water, leaving an accurate solution of NaCl. Discussion This extended experimental investigation determined whether a substance can be separated effectively based on its chemical and physical components, allowing 5% to pass as an accurate result. Therefore analyzing the results in table into graphs will be most efficient to display the data. Graph 1 compares actual mass to the experimental mass of only gram solutions. It is evident to note that all the mixtures despite the outliers barium sulfate and sodium sulfate are in an error range of 5-10%. The most accurate result was the iron fillings; 99.17% of the iron fillings were extrapolated from the mixture. The 2nd most efficient extrapolated data was the sodium chloride with 96% extrapolated. Sand was also quite efficiently extrapolated however only 89.45% was separated from the mixture. The two drastic outliers did however have a major effect on the hypotheses. As barium sulfate sodium sulfate had only 50% separated from the mixture. Analyzing graph 2 it is appropriate to suggest that the methods that were used to extrapolate methylated spirits and hexane may not have been most appropriate as there was in both hexane and methylated spirits 1 ml missing (4%). However despite this diminutive difference it is acknowledgeable to suggest that the techniques did work as 96% of both hexane and methylated spirits was extrapolated from the mixture. Therefore the hypothesis was proven correct as there was a 4% error. However it is recommended that if the experiment was to be done again different methods of separation may apply to both hexane and methylated spirits. It is therefore appropriate to suggest that the hypothesis was proven wrong as the sand, barium sulfate and sodium sulfate all had more than a 5% error range. Many variable may have caused the inaccurate results of all substances, as it must be notable not one substance was fully extrapolated to 100%. Finding the right amount of each substance was extremely important as it then proved that mixtures can be separated based on their physical and chemical properties. The erroneous results create room for discussion into what may have caused the different result. One major variable may be the use of equipment. Hexane was separated using decanting with a stirring rod and manually pouring the oil into another container, however there was 1ml of hexane missing the reason to why may been defined as not enough care when titrating or maybe the whole techniques was wrong itself.

Essay --

Human Trafficking Human trafficking which is commonly referred as â€Å"modern-day slavery† is a trade in humans in the form of prostitution, sexual exploitation, forced labor or even for the extraction of organs. Here in this country, people are being abducted, bought, and sold like slaves to be forced into all forms of servitude. The U.S Department of Justice stated that â€Å"human trafficking has become the second fastest growing criminal industry — just behind drug trafficking — with children accounting for roughly half of all victims† (Baldas, Human trafficking a growing crime in the U.S). It is not only happening in the States but it is also a worldwide phenomenon. To think that human trafficking may be happening even in our own neighborhood, for us being unaware as we go about our daily lives is unimaginable. Human traffickers generate billions of dollars per annum by victimizing countless people all around the world. Human trafficking is illegal in any way or anywh ere as it is a massive violation to human rights. People may still wonder that how can human trafficking still exist in the 21st century. There are various causes that make adults and children vulnerable to exploitation. However, human trafficking does not exist mainly because of the victims’ vulnerability to exploitation. Instead, just like drugs and arms trafficking, human trafficking is a market-driven industry which is based on the principles of supply and demand. Joyce Hart stated that â€Å"when there is a demand for services, human traffickers will eagerly fill it with slaves or very low-cost workers† (26). It is a highly sophisticated and organized crime industry with low risk and high profit, which are the main two factors that cause its demand to thrive. When the i... ...he 21st century, it is also expanding. Everyone should do their part in order to prevent more people being exploited and protect them. One of the main reasons that many of these traffickers are not being prosecuted is because a lot of victims are too traumatized or terrified to testify against their own abusers. Therefore, â€Å"police and criminal justice staff need standard working procedures to guarantee the physical safety of victims, protect their privacy and make it safe for them to testify against their abusers† (UNODC). Even for normal citizens, there are also ways to help fight against human trafficking such as contacting respective authorities if knowing of a potential human exploitation, changing purchasing options, or start a fundraiser and donate the funds to an anti-trafficking organization. These people need our help and together we can make a difference.

Essay --

Zyviare Melvin 12-11-13 5th block In class we have been learning about the death of Nelson Mandela. Apartheid? Have you ever wondered what that means, well if you haven’t I will tell you. It means a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race. Nelson Mandela was famous for freeing the black majority in South Africa. He was a freedom fighter never giving into the oppressors. It was really bad in the 1960’s to have apartheid because that meant lots of violence was going on like fighting, it was good to have apartheid because some people just don’t like to be with people that they aren’t comfortable with. Nelson Mandela fought for the freedom of South America he never gave up on doing this because he felt like we should all be equal to each other. He did whatever it took to accomplish this goal if his. To me freedom means being equal to everyone that is around you. It means having all the same rights as someone no matter what their skin color is or what race they are. Nelson had his own definition of what freedom is that you should be very equal to everyone around you, you should have the same opportunities as everyone around you. A costume that my family shares with nelsons is being an African American, and also the meaning of family. So now I ask you what costumes does your family share with Nelson Mandela? The African National Congress is the current ruling party in Parliament of South Africa. Nelson Mandela was apart of this group. In 1993 Nelson Mandela shared the noble peace prize with the president he also had a son who died of aids this was a terrible time for his family. As you all know Nelson Mandela was a great man, who did amazing things when he was living. Like Barak Obama he was the very f... ...y great important person who inspired many people in this generation today. I didn’t know who Nelson Mandela was until Ms. Mingo made us do a project on this and that helped me learn a whole lot about him, and his life and what he did for this country. Nelson was a great person he was not selfish at all because he cared more about others than he did himself, but when he got sick he didn’t want anyone to know because he dint want them to get hurt with this information at such a wonderful time. Nelson really made a difference in my life and I wish that I could have met him so that I could know a lot more about him and what all he did in his life. It was pretty rough back then because there was a lot of racism going on and that was really terrible because that meant no one got alone with each other. That meant that I wouldn’t have most of my friends that I have now.

How Frederick Douglass Changed History Essay -- slavery,emancipation pr

There are numerous individuals throughout the past that had the chance to leave a stain in the fabric of history. But, small amounts that stood up and represented slavery in the United States. The immoral selling of beings to becoming a slave is recognized as slavery. Slavery had a huge role in the United States history, getting down in the 1600’s and was abolished in the 1800’s. African-American slaves were maliciously being walked on, as if they were carcasses, for a hundreds of years. Although, slaves were prevented from being educated, one particular astonishing African-American fellow was able to change overpass this situation. Frederick Douglass changed the United States for the better. Douglass was born on the seventh of February 1817, in Tuckahoe, Maryland. He was the son of an African- American slave named Harriet Bailey. Though slaves were unable to be educated, Douglass had a huge thirst for learning. He became a self-taught slave child, with a little assistance from his owner. Douglass had gained important knowledge (was now literate), which made him realize that there were many other opportunities to increase his education. After several abortive attempts to run-away in 1836, he then succeeded to escape. Once reaching New Bedford, Massachusetts he assumed the name Douglass (his birth name was Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey). After many years of his educations in England, he was able to buy his freedom before returning to the United States. Douglass later rose through determination, wisdom, and eloquence to shape the American nation. He became an abolitionist, human rights and women's rights activist, public speaker, writer, journalist, publisher, and s ocial reformer. One way Douglass was able to change Amer... ...ower (whites) to take action against slavery. Douglass did not only stand up for slaves but also for women’s rights, helped lay the groundwork of women’s suffrage. If Douglass was unable to escape slaver, many civil rights could have been delayed. Works Cited Clark, Charles S. "Feminism's Future." CQ Researcher 28 Feb. 1997: 169-92. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. "Digital History." Digital History. College of Education, 2014. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. "DOUGLASS, Frederick." (n.d.): Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. Lederle, Cheryl. "Frederick Douglass on Abraham Lincoln: The Writer and Abolitionist Remembers the President in Library of Congress Primary Sources." Teaching with the Library of Congress. Library of Congress, 7 Feb. 2013. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. "Underground Railroad." (n.d.): Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. Web. 27 Mar. 2014.

Coffee Shop Essay

The purpose of this marketing plan is to outline the complete marketing strategy, tactics, and programs for Dot. L Coffee (hereafter, â€Å"Dot. L†). Dot. L is a specialist Coffee Company that focuses on specialty coffee of Latte, coffee based products and foods as well. Dot. L is a new coffee shop in the river side district. Dot. L will be known for over 6 flavors of latte, coffee and coffee based products. In addition, light snacks and sandwiches will be offered to accompany the cappuccino and coffee based products. The cafe establishment will play modern music for ambiance and provide free wireless internet access for patrons to attract professionals in the nearby business areas. The mission of Dot. L is in the vanity of the city, Dot. L can bring you the ease of a precious. Dot. L will be unlike other cafes in that it will introduce customers to the different flavors of coffee and foods in a leisure non pressure environment. Furthermore, in a competitive market like Starbuck, Dot. L hopes to set itself apart by reaching out to those diversity flavors of latte without the high prices. The target market consists of two market segments: †¢ People who are deeply in love latte and people who hope have a relaxing time †¢ Business people from the downtown business centers and professional buildings Situation analysis is explored. This includes an overall marketing environment analysis for the company as well as more specific situation analysis such as competitor and customers action for the marketing analysis. An evaluation is conducted followed by an action plan outlining how to achieve the marketing objectives, which includes: promotion, price discounts, a bi-monthly newsletter, advertising in television and search for new channel partnerships. Company overview and the Mission Statement Dot. L will be a distinctive coffee shop which have own characteristics and culture that will serve the river side residential district. The coffee shop offers flavored latte and other coffee products, light snacks, foods and free wi-fi service for customer surfing on-line. The Dot. L primary place of operation will be located on the river side with nice view of Brisbane River. The business persons in the office building will add to the number of patrons and the circumstance their also can attract consumer to choose that place. There are plans to open additional locations after 3 years of operation. Dot. L will operate from Monday to Sunday. Monday thru Thursday, five employees will be working from 10 a. m. to 10 p. m. Friday and Saturday will work the same; however, three employees closing will work until 12 a. m. The cost for each full time labors might be 16 dollars per hour and the cost for part-time labors might be 9 dollars. The name of this coffee shop is Dot. L which means L refers to latte. Therefore latte as company core coffee products and latte art can be discovered in Dot. L. [pic] As stated in the company’s mission statement: Dot. L aims to be the cafe have own style and culture in Australia. In the vanity of the city, Dot. L can bring you the ease of a precious. Table of Contents Executive Summary2 Company overview and the Mission Statement3 Introduction6 Product Description6 Environmental Scan7 Economic environment7 Legal, political and regulatory environment8 Social and cultural environment8 Technological environment9 Competitor9 Market research10 Customers12 Marketing objectives and Market tactics12 Marketing objectives12 Product12 Price13 Place13 Promotion14 Marketing Tactics15 Market forecasting16 Action plans17 Financials18 Control20 Conclusion21 Reference list:22 Appendix 124 Introduction This marketing plan examines the steps required to reposition Dot. L cafe in the Australian marketplace. Dot. L is a cafe brand will locate on river side in Brisbane. Dot. L offers a variety of coffee, specialty coffee of Latte, coffee based products and foods. In addition, in order to attract consumers latte art also be adopted into the coffee products. Basically the price for the regularly coffee the price will not over four dollars. The cafe will focus on the business people and normally customers. Dot. L in Australia employ approximately 30 labors includes chiefs, shop assistant, shop keeper, senior manager. The Dot. L brand name comes from its core products will offer in the cafe that aim to: 1. Attract consumers 2. Build brand 3. Trade profit achieve about 8-10% The marketing plan followed by analysis the situation in marketplace, competitors analysis for the Dot. L entry into the market. Furthermore, market research and customers analysis will provide to assist the Dot. L to locates the market accurately. It also considers the market forecasting and financials for the three-year period. Product Description The Dot. L will offer many items that would have perfect taste. From traditional coffee to the light snacks and foods, Dot. L will offer something traditional and original for all tastes. Daily latte specials will be offered, featuring a different blend and flavor each day. The cafe specialty will prefer to European style design. The six different lattes are includes: cafe au lait; ghetto latte or bootleg lattes; hot or iced latte versions of chai, matcha, and Royal milk tea; red latte; latte macchiato and Caffe latte. Latte and Coffee will be sold in three sizes, with prices ranging from $2. 00 to $5. 00. Flavors will be available at an additional charge of $0. 50. Espresso, cappuccino, mocha, and other specialty drinks will be available in two sizes and will cost $3. 75 and $6. 50. Environmental Scan. Economic environment Robust business, consumer confidence and high export price for raw materials have fuelled the economy for 16 years. Australia has a strong economy with per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of $ 38,000(CIA, 2009), and GDP was estimated to be growing at 3. 8% annually (CIA, 2009). However, in 2008 with the impact of the global economic crisis, manufacturing output and employment started to falter, and the Australian economy headed into a severe slowdown (Jackson, 2008). Even through, in 2010 the economy has begun to turn for the better, the consumers’ purchase tendency is not recover. As both cause and effect, consumers cut back on spending, specifically on food, clothing, furniture, entertainment, cars and mobile phones (Uren, 2008). The economic conditions in Australia present opportunities and risk for Dot. L. The decrease in consumer spending will force cafe industry to seek specialist assist to retain customers and maintain sales. In the other hand, this will increase the demand for specialist service like Dot. L which can provide business men have plcae to release pressure. However, the reality of a downturn may cause retailers to cut back on all spending including on retail consulting and training services. Additionally some retailers are likely to go out of business. Legal, political and regulatory environment Small business branding through labeling and packaging conclusively builds company and product recognition. Positioning the unique product through private label aimed at the target market results in an effective, low cost marketing strategy. It is the solution to getting customers into the store and back again and again. In American, the government publishes a legislative memo of a cyber-cafe restriction in 2006 (New York Civil Liberties Union, 2006). The China government also publishes the same restrictions. Because most of the cafe will provide the service of internet, so, they should pay attention to theses legislative issue (Rodnin, 2005). Social and cultural environment According to Australian Coffee Traders Association, Annual General Meeting 2006 that pointed out overall speaking, the Australian coffee market is very competitive but consumers are brand-loyal (ACTA, 2008). Australia is a country of different immigrants, especially proud of a traditional strong coffee culture started by European immigrants(AusFoodNews,2010). The strong coffee culture of Australia has influenced growth in coffee shops, especially among the younger generation. Coffee drinking has become an integral part of the modern lifestyle. In Australia, the specialist coffee shops have become more than just a place to drink coffee. Increasingly, coffee shops serve as places to meet for business and pleasure – a location for peace and quiet away from home and office. ACTA (2008) stated that more than one billion cups of coffee are consumed in cafes, restaurants and other outlets each year, this is an increase of 65% over the last 10 years. The Coffee consumption of Australian per capita has doubled over the last 30 years (ACTA, 2008). According to a new report by Euromonitor International – â€Å"Consumer Foodservice in Australia†. (2004) the number of transactions through coffee shops grew by 7% and value sales grew by almost 29%. Technological environment Technological advances in Australia have resulted in an increase usage of the internet. This has resulted in all industry expanding into a new channel: offering services, marketing and selling products over the internet. For Dot. L, the cafe can take this advantage which is using intern as the company’s channel to promote the marketing. Competitor. The popularity of franchising as a business opportunity in Australia has also had a significant impact on the number of chain specialist coffee shops, such as Gloria Jean’s, The Coffee Club, Zarrafa’s Coffee which expanded mainly through franchising (Market Research World, n. d. ). Euromonitor International’s research shows that the Gloria Jean’s chain had the largest increase in outlets in 2004, thereby boosting its market share from 28% in 2003 to 37% in 2004. Gloria Jean’s has already opened over 900 shops around the world, and 407 stores are established in Australia-wide. Therefore, Gloria Jean’s can be regarded as the most powerful competitor. The Coffee Club has expanded its business to overseas, including Beijing, Bangkok, Dubai and Thailand. It has had more than 200 stores across the whole world. Compared with these two brands Gloria Jean’s and The Coffee Club, Zarrafa’s Coffee is a young brand. The brand comes from Gold Coast, and it only has 14 years history. Zarrafa’s Coffee has 41 stores across South East Queensland. Consequently, Zarrafa’s Coffee can be thought as the least powerful competitor for Dot. L. According to the report, sales of hot drink products in Australia surpassed A$1350m in the year 2008 and is expected to be worth A$1473m in 2013, with the coffee category accounting for the largest share followed by tea (Trading Room, 2010). It can be assumed that more people might enter the cafe industry. Market research In this section is to present the research about the marketing research for the Dot. L Coffee. Since this is a brand, the main goal of the Dot. L Coffee is to establish brand awareness among the target audience, which is business people, and 94 percent of them are aged 25 to 40. In this research, it chooses 10 male and 10 female to do the interview. Figure 1: The Frequency of the respondents to have coffee [pic] Figure 2: The Buying Habits of the Respondents [pic] According to the figure 1 and 2, of the business people that polled, 70 percent said they have coffee every day. And a full 58 percent said they prefer to enjoy coffee in the cafe. Others will enjoy coffee in their office or at home, here, 52 percent of them will buy the coffee products in the coffee shop, and 47 percent of them prefer buy it form the supermarket. Figure 3: The Acceptable Price per Coffee of the Respondents [pic] 45 percent of the respondents said that they would like Latte, and both of respondents who prefer Espresso and Mocha are divine 15 percent, 25 percent of respondents choose Cappuccino. Referring to the figure 3, 70 percent of them represent the acceptable price per cup of coffee is $3-8 dollars, and below $3 dollars and above $8 dollars will share the same percentage of 15 percent. Take a look at this chart, the best media mix, then, would be a combination of TV and magazine advertisements. Both of TV and magazine were divine 30 percent of the total population. And 20 percent of people prefer print advertisement. To conclude, even though our target audience is clearly defined, introducing a new product is always a gamble. But with the proper media mix we can certainly lessen the chance of failure. Customers The primary target market for the Dot. L Coffee will be the local business people. The cafe will be a sit-down coffee shop with wi-fi connectivity. The cafe will serve a variety of flavored latte, coffee products, beverages, sandwiches, and treats to local customers. The target market consists of two market segments, that is people who are deeply in love latte and people who hope have a relaxing time; and business people from the downtown business centers and professional buildings. Marketing objectives and Market tactics Marketing objectives The purpose of this marketing plan is to launch a cafe with delicate bakery, and professional coffees and which will bring simple cozy and friendly atmosphere. Based on the product features and marketing 4P principles, the three years’ specific marketing plan will be given as the following to ensure objectives and expectations are met. Product First off all, the key customers are those people who fond into Latte which means the product image is designed as professional Latte maker with friendly, easy communicate, happy relationship atmosphere. In order to match the product concept: simple and cozy so that the color of the cafe should be designed as clean, comfortable. And the coffee cup and tableware would be designed to match the interior decoration as mildness and simple. The main special coffee is Latte. Meanwhile, espresso, cappuccino, mocha, and other specialty drinks will be available too. The latte flavors will include vanilla, chocolate, and caramel. This can be designed as the first year menu and in the following three years the product will be developed according to the market trend. Price The Dot. L cafe will specially offer delicate bakery with other beverages such as soda and juice. Coffee will be sold in three sizes, with prices ranging from $2. 00 to $5. 00. All prices take into consideration the cost of material, 25% for food and 45% for beverages. Espresso, cappuccino, mocha, and other specialty drinks will be available in two sizes and will cost $3. 75 and $6. 50. All different deserts will be sold by the slice such as cheesecake, chocolate cake, muffin, sandwich and cupcake. Prices range from $2. 75 to $8. 00. The frequent customer can join the membership and participate the buy 10 get one free activity. Place The cafe name Dot. L is from the coffee Latte which is combined with espresso and steamed milk. Hence, the image of the cafe will deliver simple and warm message to customers. The location of Dot. L will be choosing at Brisbane river side. The space will be designed with a glass room and interior will be more concise and mediterrane an style. The common area will have white coffee tables surrounded by plush chairs and sofas and allow customers to set up laptop and spread out paperwork. The walls will be painted into warm color to enhance the relax and friendly atmosphere. Promotion Besides, in order to develop the market and receive good reputation from the very first. The Dot. L Cafe will be promoted in a variety of ways. The annual budget allotment for advertising is $19,904 for the first year of operation. These monies will be distributed as follows: 1. Southern Star –  Southern Star will be printed monthly showing the nightly specials. They will be distributed throughout the area on cars, handed out at the library, delivered to the local office buildings, and posted on street signs and other obvious places. 2. Radio –  The cafe will run many radio spots on local radio stations. The ads will feature the daily coffee specials and will air during the morning and afternoon drive times to capitalize on drive-by traffic. 3. Entertainment –  The Dot. L Cafe will feature local entertainment every other weekend. The entertainers will provide music, poetry, art, and dancing. These events will be promoted through additional print and radio spots. Besides, Dot. L will engage in promoting premium varieties of coffee by educating their customers about the different coffees that are available. This strategy would lead to increased sophistication among customers. 4. Web Presence –  The Dot. L Cafe will promote the business and specials over the Internet through a website. The website will be updated monthly to advertise specials and product offerings. The Radio and newspaper advertisement could be launch at the first half year to attract more customers. Entertainment and web presence should be developed as long term promotion plan in the next three years. The Dot. L Cafe will promote itself to its new customers by offering discount memberships for frequent consumers. There will be buy 10 get one free card available for coffee. The remaining  advertising  budget  will be used to print membership and frequent consumer cards. Serve the highest quality food and beverage and meanwhile maintain low cost of goods and inventory is one of the key objectives. Thus Logistics and distribution would be a crucial part as well. The fresh meats, cheeses, and  vegetables  will be purchased through good reputation food source distributors. The researching and negotiating of the best prices with distributors would be put into the project process too. Marketing Tactics To achieve the above marketing objectives, this plan considers the tactic through the marketing mix which includes product, promotion and pricing. Colour appeal, packaging and style are included in product section. As the before shown, the target market of the cafe is business people who works in downtown and modern buildings. These potential customers can be regarded as white collars and the middle class. They hold well-paid, and are to pursuit quality lifestyles. Based on these, the basic colour tone will be set as dark colour tone, such as brown and black. The logo of the cafe is to stress a simple but elegant style. Because Dot. L cafe is a new brand for customers, so the promotion strategy must be heavy to entice the brand trial. The advised promotion approaches are print ad, billboard ad and in-store promotions. Setting a billboard ad on the way to the city and riverside is strongly advised. The cafe locates on the riverside; for this reason, putting ad on ferry is recommended. The pricing objective is to appeal the people who take coffee daily. A regular size cafe au lait which is the main product is priced as $4. 50. The cafe can give 5% discount to people who hold senior card. Furthermore, a point card can be given in the store when customers are making purchase. The card allows that customers can get 1 free coffee after they buy 9 coffees. Market forecasting There are more than 100 cafes in Brisbane, and 17 cafes exist in Southbank where a part of riverside is. According to one market research (Weston 2010), more and more Australian have already totally accepted the coffee culture; in addition, they are very to enjoy this culture. Therefore, a big growth on takeout coffee is brought by this social change. As a matter of fact, the flourishing demand of coffee drinking directs to the blast of many specific coffee shops. According to another research, Australians prefer to coffee with milk rather than other styles. Datamonitor’s Market Data Analytic (MDA) database indicates that retail coffee sales in Australia gained around A$752m. The Australia coffee market is in the second place around the Asian Economic in 2008. Another research predicts that the total amount around A$473m of profit can be reached in 2013. All in all, it can be concluded that there is a huge potential in the cafe market. Action plans According to the planed given above the relevant GANTT chart will guide this project go smoothly complete on time. Figure 4: The Dot. L Project Schedule |Dot. L | |? |? | |Start-up Assets to Fund |$26,000 | |Total Funding Required |$88,290 | | | | |Total Assets |$26,000 | | | | |Liabilities and Capital | | |Liabilities | | |Total Liabilities |$33,290 | | | | |Capital | | |Planned Investment |$55,000 | |Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) |($62,290) | |Total Capital |($7,290) | | | | |Total Capital and Liabilities |$26,000 |. 2. Break-even Analysis Break-even data is presented in the chart and table below. [pic] Figure 6: Break-even Analysis |Monthly Units Break-even |7,294 | |Monthly Revenue Break-even |$18,462 | |Assumptions: | | |Average Per-Unit Revenue |$2. 53 | |Average Per-Unit Variable Cost |$0. 63 | |Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost |$13,847 | 3. Projected Profit and Loss In the first year, the Dot. L Coffee will have sales of about $533,764 of operation. In year two and three the Dot. L will have sales increases of about 10%, resulting in sales of $576,551 and $622,575, respectively. Operating expenses are $304,136 for year one, $327,694 year two, and $353,326 year three. The results for the first three years of operation are net income of $36,521 for the first year, $42,356 for the second year, and $47,819 for year three. Control Dot. L will continually evaluate the marketing environment, particularly the economic environment, due to the economic downturn, and the competitive environment. Further, in relation to the specific tactics undertaken by Dot. L for the 36 month period, each will be assigned a person who will be responsible for the success of the tactic, as well as a specific final review date. |Tactic |Responsibility |Review date | |Promotions to focus on augmented product and core product |Marketing Manager |May 2010 | |benefits | | | |Determine price discounts and rollout strategy to clients | | | |Create newsletter and implement process for it to be |Management Team |Aug 2010 | |distributed monthly | | | |More Direct-response advertising in television |Marketing Manager |Sep 2010 | |Implement selling short-term modification recommendations | | | |Search for distributors with which to form channel |Sales Director |Jun 2011 | |partnerships |. | | |Expand business to more location |Marketing Manager |Mar 2012 | | | | | | |Channel Manager |Nov 2012 | | | | | | |Sales Director |Jan 2013 | Conclusion This report sets out the marketing plan for Dot. L in Australia. It was decided that, Dot. L aims to be the cafe have own style and culture in Australia. In the vanity of the city, Dot. L can bring you the ease of a precious. The marketing strategy was explored, including each of the marketing mix areas, and tactics were recommended relating to direct-response an promotions, price discounts, and find channel partnerships. It is believed that there is opportunity for Dot. L to built own brand culture and expand in cafe industry’s marketplace. It is, therefore, this marketing plan can assist Dot. L growth in the marketplace. Reference list: Acta (2008). AUSTRALIAN COFFEE STATS. Retrieved May 16, 2010 from http://www. acta. org. au/article. php? a=2 Hofmann (2008). Specialist coffee shops in Australia see vigorous expansion. Retrieved May 17, 2010 from http://www. franchiseek. com/Market_Trends_Coffee_Shops_Australia_0706. htm Jellie (2006). Coffee by numbers. Retrieved May 17, 2010 from: http://www. smh. com. au/news/good-living/coffee-by-numbers/2006/07/17/115298845 5398. html New  York  Civil  Liberties  Union(2006),  Legislative  Memo:  Cyber-cafe  Restrictions Retrieved May 17, 2010 from: http://www. nyclu. org/content/legislative-memo-cyber-caf%C3%A9-restrictions-2006 Rodnin(2007),  Motherboard  makers  may  be  affected  by  Internet  cafe  restrictions  in  China,  Retrieved May 17, 2010 from http://www. vaosoft. com/forum/index. php? showtopic=441&pid=612&mode=threaded&show=&st=0 Shaun Weston (2010). Australian love coffee. Retrieved May 15, 2010, from http://www. foodbev. com/report/australians-love-coffee Trading Room (2008). Australia a nation of coffee drinkers. Retrieved May 17, 2010 from http://www. tradingroom. com. au/apps/view_article. ac? articleId=1196615 Wong (2010). Aussie cafe culture accounts for ‘biggest growth in coffee’. Retrieved May 17, 2010 from http://www. ausfoodnews. com. au/2010/03/04/aussie-cafe-culture-accounts-for-biggest-growth-in-coffee. html Appendix 1 The Questionnaire of the Coffee Market. This is a marketing research of the style, habits and opinions of coffee in your everyday life. Section 1: Basic Personal Information 1. What is your gender? A Male B Female 2. What is your age? A 18-25 B 26-30 C 30-40 D Above 40 3. What is your Occupation? A Students B Business men C Employee D Others 4. Are you married or single? A Married B Single 5. What is your family’s size? A 1-2 person B 3-5 person C 6-8 person D Above 8 person Section 2: 6. Where can you get the information about coffee? A Internet B Magazine/ newspaper C TV D Print Advertisement E Others 7. Where are you usually buy the coffee product? A Supermarket B Internet C Coffee shop D Others 8. How offen do you drink coffee? A Every day B 3-4 times per week C Once a week D Never 9. Where do you usually drink coffee? A Cafe B At home C At office D At campus E Others 10. What kind of coffee would you like? A Latte B Espresso C Cappuccino D Mocha E Other specialty drinks 11. How much of a cup of coffee is acceptable for you? A $2-3 /cup B $3-5/cup C $5-8/cup D $8-10/cup E Above $10/cup Thank you for your participation!!!