What Is the Hardest Element

Can you name the hardest element? Its an element that occurs naturally in pure form and has a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale. Chances are you have seen it.   The hardest pure element is carbon in the form of a diamond. Diamond is not the hardest substance known to man. Some ceramics are harder, but they consist of multiple elements. Not all forms of carbon are hard. Carbon assumes several structures, called allotropes. The carbon allotrope known as graphite is quite soft. It is used in pencil leads. Different Types of Hardness Hardness depends largely on the packing of atoms in a material and the strength of interatomic or intermolecular bonds. Because the behavior of a material is complex, there are different types of hardness. Diamond has an extremely high-scratch hardness. Other forms of hardness are indentation hardness and rebound hardness. Other Hard Elements Although carbon is the hardest pure element, metals generally are hard. Another nonmetal (boron) also has a hard allotrope. Here is the Mohs hardness of some other pure elements: Boron: 9.5Chromium: 8.5Tungsten: 7.5Rhenium: 7.0Osmium: 7.0

The Southern Stereotype Essay - 1365 Words

Long Live Southern Stereotypes Ever since Scarlett O’Hara struggled to find love and Andy Taylor was elected Mayberry’s Sheriff, filmmakers and television producers have yet to lose any fondness for stereotyping the southern culture. There are many who despise any form of labeling or stereotyping within the media, fearing false characterizations or inaccurate portrayals of southern customs, traditions, and people. Exposure to southern stereotypes through media is an appealing element in the American lifestyle that can render endearing impressions, contribute genuine metaphors, and provide viewers with a unique and fascinating (whether positive or negative) glimpse toward a regional culture. The mass media, or media at large, would†¦show more content†¦These are pointed descriptions, but they are true and the American culture loves (and loves to hate) the southern stereotype and it is here to stay. Now what about those who may have that southern stereotypical drawl? Southern accents do not make one stupid; being stupid does. Southerners should be proud of the southern accent. However, the media has managed to cause dismay among many southerners who possess the engaging and attractive drawl. Should a visitor traveling to North Dakota, view a Fargo native as stupid or ignorant because of the distinct accent heard there? Should a North Dakota resident ridicule a person from the Bronx because of the peculiar accent heard there? Somehow people are ashamed of their unique speech patterns rather than being proud of a colloquial accent. The southern stereotype will be here for a long time to come, so love it and embrace it. According to Jack G. Shaheen in his essay titled, â€Å"The Media’s Image of Arabs,† Hollywood producers must have instant kits that contain sunglasses, Arab clothing, tents, and mosques in order to provide a snapshot of Hollywood’s stereotypical Arab (99). Undoubtedly, the same holds true when depicting the typical southern example. Whether oneShow MoreRelatedThe Mind Of The South1115 Words   |  5 Pagescommonly held stereotype in the United States that those of Southern origin held a higher level of ignorance than those of the North. This stereotype likely stemmed from the rivalry that existed after the Civil War as a method of lowering the moral of those who seceded and fought for the Southern cause. The stereotype grew to the point where even educated Southerners perceived it as fact. One such Southerner was Wilbur Joseph Cash who wrote several pieces on the ignorance of the Southern people, includingRead MoreThe Immigration Trends Over Time904 Words    |  4 PagesAssignment December 11th, 2014 Region: Southern California Regions across the United States have been changed dramatically by the immigration trends over time. The region of Southern California is no different. When the people in an area change that areas culture is going to change as well, southern California is a great example of that. 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The Computing Technologies

Question: Discuss about the Xiaomi's $45 billion formula for success and the app AutoGo is fixing China's mess of petrol stations. Answer: Introduction The computing technologies have drastically evolved with passing time to innovate new ideas and new methods that utilize the power of scientific data and processing techniques. The rapid advancement of information technology brings about new concepts and elements onto the field that collectively participate in forming an assemblage of computing. These technologies consist of several aspects of science and communication study. It is important to perform an effective evaluation of the system assemblage essentially involves identifying the human and non-human actors that interact with each other by playing individual roles; and ultimately form a network of information systems (Willcocks 2013). For this purpose, the paper analyzes two modern computing stories based on actor network theory to unveil the major aspects of fulfilling the technical objectives of the assemblage by establishing proper interactions among the actants. Actor Network Theory Actor network theory or ANT provides a conceptual framework that guides the socio-technical processes involved in different technological systems. The main components of actor network theory are actor and network. The core of ANT describes interrelationships among the various actors in scientific networks. It is closely relevant to the present study of identifying the participation of actors in modern computing assemblage (Sayes 2014). It is mainly because ANT helps understand the technical innovation processes and scientific knowledge creation. The actors (both human and non-human) act on the network, more specifically, between sociology and technology sciences. Xiaomi's $45 billion formula for success Xiaomis Mi Pad specifications (pink / green/ blue/ white) entirely resembles with iPad Mini 4s specifications, including display of 7.9 inches, resolution of 2,048 x 1,536, and per inches 326 pixels (Wired UK 2016). In this regard, the CEO and co-founder of Xiaomi, Mr. Lei Jun, have stated that the design of Mi Pad has been greatly influenced by Apples iPhone (Farias and Bender 2012). For this purpose, Xiaomi approached Apple manufacturers and as a result, Mi Pad happened from the inspiration. However, the real story lies in the pricing strategy adopted by Xiaomi that made them worlds most valuable technology start up business (Qiu 2013). It enabled them to not only run successful smart phone business, but also initiated a potential fan base out of its existing as well as new customers. These fans participate in co-designing, facilitating transfer of market demand risk. The strategy enabled Xiaomi to enter into Indian, Indonesian markets and many more. It soon became Chinas biggest smart phone company, selling 7.2 million phones in 2012, 18.7 million in 2013, 61 million in 2014, and finally over 70 million in 2015 (Shih, Lin and Luarn 2014). From the ANT viewpoint, the actants directly involved in the scientific and socio-technical network work together to establish an assemblage that develops a connected life style with a new era of technological innovation. The actor network theory considers the customers as significant human actants in the network of smart phone business. The product it develops and sells can solely determine the fate of the business (Lajoie and Derry 2013). It essentially necessitates the adoption of internet thinking. According to Barra, China has tremendous potential and capability to reach the leading position in consumer electronics in both innovation as well as execution. The socio-technical aspects on the concerned network involve focus, entrepreneurship and scale. ANT analysis reveals Xiaomis mission and the evolution applied on strategies for making Chinese products. In relation to this context, the story seeks to identify the relationships between Xiaomis customer existence and the influence of social elements in the technical objectives of the business (Rainer et al. 2013). Furthermore, it has been identified that the network significantly relies upon and functions depending on the valuable feedbacks from customers, friends, and users; that are considered as the non-human actants indirectly acting upon the assemblage. The app AutoGo is fixing China's mess of petrol stations The innovative idea of Guang Xiao facilitates a significant boost to the petrol station business in China by means of using an app called AutoGo that transforms the independent petrol stations into a single integrated business brand (Farias and Bender 2012). The AutoGo app is targeted to establish a networking system bringing together all the petrol and fuel stations that presently operate in the market, including Sinopec and PetroChina (Wired UK 2016). This particular app of AutoGos have been able to capture a million users within five months after it launched in 2015 April. Therefore, through this app, an integrated network can be enabled where the petrol stations signs up for free to learn about methods and strategies to enhance their level of service. Apart from that, the app also facilitates the customers by providing them a platform to make online payments for fuel purchase (Fenwick and Edwards 2012). In addition, many other benefits and services can be presented brought to consumers the single platform facilitated by the AutoGo. Some of these features and facilities include easily and efficiently targeting the loyalty discounts, presenting retail offerings through the app online. This particular process brings about significant changes in the mindset of society. It requires analyzing the social-technical aspects from the ANT point of view in order to develop the loyalty programs for doing the marketing at scale (Wired UK 2016). The primary goal or strategy formulated by AutoGo essentially involves building loyalty with the consumers and expanding the retail offering. The independent petrol and fuel station owners in China can now implement easy payment mechanism, loyalty payments, retailing and other relevant services (Davenport 2013). In this context, Xiao shared that he has significant inspiration from the US Company Fleetcor that provides fleet management services. It includes features such as signing up facilities for the gas station owners, loyalty discount offers to fleets and many more. In relation to this context, Xiao utilized the fragmented nature of the petrol station business to apply the asset-light model to integrate the common services in a sin gle brand. The application of ANT in this regard facilitates a contrast as well as interrelationship among the human and non-human actants based on the scientific advancements (Golub and Ortega 2014). Hence, the petrol station owners as well as the customers who pay for fuel online are the human actors who are acted upon by the non-human or technical actants i.e. the AutoGo app. Enhancement of management in the stories The co-founder and CEO took and utilized the positive aspects of Apples manufacturers. However, the he believed to view Xiaomi that brings about innovation and evolution in technological strategies as well as technical objectives rather than establishing itself as a facilitator of quality services (Hooper 2012). The high quality of the companys products e.g. Mi Pad solely and purposefully intends to develop a connected life style in the era of information technology advancements. The effective management of Xiaomi enabled them to become the third largest electronic commerce website (mi.com) all across China. Issues raised in the stories The fundamental strategy that it incorporated relies on the saying less is more. It is relatable with Xiaomis business method of developing a limited number of smart phone products that on the other hand, includes more number of services, facilities features and characteristics. A specific mission also adequately drives the consumers of Mi Pad (Tran et al. 2013). Maofang Road in north Beijing Haidian district there is a Xiaomi showroom that consists of Mi pads, Mi phones, Mi television smart display screens and Mi cloud remote storage. The administrative functions of Xiaomi are targeted to achieve constant improvement. On the other hand, the difference in the scenario for China significantly involves the sudden impact of mobile. The increasing use of mobile phones and smart phones essentially helps the process of making AutoGos app for petrol and fuel stations a huge success (Wired UK 2016). The comparison of actors and network in the story naturally clears the picture of the accurate relationships in its power to influence the society and its interaction with the technical aspects within the identified network (Feng et al. 2013). The human and non-human entities interacting within the network are properly functioning; this is investigated with the help of actor network theory. Conclusion The two stories have been explored from the perspective of actor network theory. A thorough analysis performed on the computing stories using the perspectives of actor network theory helps accurately identifying the actants (human and non-human) and the way the participate in the interactions within the concerned network. It effectively helps realize the importance of an integrated approach that is required to be followed by the associated actors in order to activate the assemblage and enable the operations. The smart innovation and technical developments of modern computing entities have been taken into consideration for evaluating and analyzing the role of actants in an information technology network. The network of technologies identified within the digital world of information and communication technology (ICT) radically transforms societys relationship to technology and the associated human and non-human actors. The study of social science deeply incorporates the identification of technical as well as non-technical components, human associations with the fundamental base. References Davenport, T.H., 2013.Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Farias, I. and Bender, T. eds., 2012.Urban assemblages: How actor-network theory changes urban studies. Routledge. Feng, D., Siu, W.C. and Zhang, H.J. eds., 2013.Multimedia information retrieval and management: Technological fundamentals and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Fenwick, T. and Edwards, R., 2012.Researching education through actor-network theory. John Wiley Sons. Golub, G.H. and Ortega, J.M., 2014.Scientific computing: an introduction with parallel computing. Elsevier. Hooper, L., 2012. Actor Network Theory. Lajoie, S.P. and Derry, S.J. eds., 2013.Computers as cognitive tools. Routledge. Qiu, G., 2013. China Emerges as a Smartphone Power.SERI Quarterly,6(4), p.16. Rainer, R.K., Cegielski, C.G., Splettstoesser-Hogeterp, I. and Sanchez-Rodriguez, C., 2013.Introduction to information systems: Supporting and transforming business. John Wiley Sons. Sayes, E., 2014. ActorNetwork Theory and methodology: Just what does it mean to say that nonhumans have agency?.Social Studies of Science,44(1), pp.134-149. Shih, C.C., Lin, T.M. and Luarn, P., 2014. Fan-centric social media: The Xiaomi phenomenon in China.Business Horizons,57(3), pp.349-358. Tran, S.T., Le Ngoc Thanh, N.Q.B. and Phuong, D.B., 2013. Introduction to information technology. InProc. of the 9th inter. CDIO conf.(CDIO). Willcocks, L., 2013.Information management: the evaluation of information systems investments. Springer. Wired UK. 2016.AutoGo is connecting China's independent petrol stations (Wired UK). [online] Available at: https://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2016/04/features/autogo-china-petrol-station-brands-guang-xiao [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. Wired UK. 2016.Xiaomi's $45bn formula for success (and no, it's not 'copy Apple') (Wired UK). [online] Available at: https://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2016/04/features/xiaomi-lei-jun-internet-thinking [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016].

War Of The Roses Essays - Knights Of The Garter, House Of Lancaster

War Of The Roses The War of the Roses The War of the Roses was the struggle from 1455 - 1485 for the throne of England between the houses of Lancaster (whose badge was a red rose) and York (whose badge was a white rose). In the mid 15th century, the weak Lancastrian king Henry VI was controlled by William de la Pole, duke of Suffolk, Edward Beaufort, duke of Somerset, and Margaret Of Anjou, Henry's queen. They were opposed by Richard, duke of York, who gained support from the popular unrest caused by the anger over the Hundred Years War and by the corruption in the court. York was appointed protector during the king's insanity from 1453 - 1454, but was excluded from the royal council when the king recovered. He then resorted to fighting. The factions met at St. Albans (1455), the Yorkists won, and York again became protector from 1455 - 1456. The wars, however, continued. In 1460 the Yorkists captured the king at Northampton and struck a compromise whereby Henry remained king and York was named his successor. Queen Marga ret, whose son was thus disinherited, raised an army and defeated the Yorkists at Wakefield in 1460. Here York was killed, and his son Edward assumed his claim. Margaret's army rescued the king at the second battle of St. Albans in 1461, but Edward meanwhile was victorious at Mortimer's Cross and assumed the throne as Edward IV. Henry was recaptured in 1465 and the Yorkists seemed to be in command. A quarrel then developed over the king's marriage, and Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, and the king's brother George, duke of Clarence, deserted Edward. They allied in 1470 with Queen Margaret, drove Edward into exile, and restored Henry VI as king. Edward soon returned and triumphed at Barnet and Tewkesbury in 1471. Margaret was imprisoned and Henry VI died, probably slain on Edward's orders. After 12 years of peace, his 12-year-old son Edward V succeeded Edward in 1483, but the boy's uncle Richard, duke of Gloucester, usurped the throne as Richard III. Opposition to Richard advanced t he fortunes of Henry Tudor, now the Lancastrian claimant, and he defeated and killed Richard at Bosworth Field in 1485. Henry seized the throne as Henry VII, and his marriage to Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth united the houses of Lancaster and York. It is generally said that the wars ended feudalism in England, because the nobles who participated in them suffered a great loss of life and property, and were, as a class, unable to contest the strong Tudor monarchy. History

Megalodon - The New Evidence

Megalodon - The New Evidence Does Megalodon: The New Evidence present a compelling case for the existence of this giant prehistoric shark? If youve just watched the encore of last years Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives (retitled, for Shark Week 2014, Megalodon: The Extended Cut) you probably havent gotten your hopes up. Check back here for live updates during the show! 10:00 PM EST: Well, Discovery is sticking with the big lie. Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives is still a documentary, Collin Drake is still a marine biologist, and Megalodon is still among us. Also, reaction in the scientific community was mixed, even though no reputable scientist has backed the show. Apparently, the soap opera actor who plays Collin Drake has furiously been pursuing leads for the past year, and Discovery has the temerity to sit him down opposite the shows host as if hes a genuine scientist. 10:03 PM EST: The phrase Lazarus taxon, as pronounced by Collin Drake, must have taken quite a bit of rehearsal. No, you cant adduce the existence of Megalodon from the (established fact) that coelacanths still prowl the worlds oceans. 10:06 PM EST: Basically, the documentary got my name out there, says Collin Drake, the only true fact stated on this show so far. Also, cute of Collin to make fun of viewers obviously photoshopped Megalodon snapshots, in light of Discoverys own photoshop shenanigans. 10:09 PM EST: Jake Shelton, who is he? A quick Google search is unproductive. If anyone has any leads, email me right away at dinosaursaboutguide.com. PS, that enhanced image of Megalodon chomping a whale is one of the most laughable effects ever seen on reality TV. 10:15 PM EST: New evidence from Collin Drake, from an unnamed U.S. government agency. A satellite photo near Sao Paolo, Brazil, looks like a giant oil spill. but is actually a swarm of microbes. And look, theres a 70-foot shark right nearby, captured in full (fake) silhouette! U.S. National Geospacial Intelligence Agency (yes, it really exists) media relations liaison Linda Strong weighs in. its fun to speculate, she says, but she wont play along with the Megalodon hoax. This one doesnt seem like an actress, she may actually be a genuine person! 10:26 PM EST: The guy who plays Collin Drake, Im afraid to say, isnt a very good actor. For some reason, hes talking about a whale with a century-old spear embedded in its hide, which seems to be veering a bit off track. But hey, Megalodon was as big as a giant whale, right? 10:30 PM EST: Mirena Malik, who is she? No evidence of her existence in Google. If shes really from the U.S. Geological Survey, she should be fired for sharing a table with Collin Drake and going along with this farce, though admittedly Collin is getting better at the scientific jargon. Malik says Megalodon would be the logical conclusion from the available evidence, so now Im thinking actress rather than geologist. 10:35 PM EST: Collin Drake unmasked, thanks to an alert correspondent! Hes Darron Meyer, a South African actor, whose profile you can see on IMDB. 10:40 PM EST: Its supposedly someone named Gavin Curring from the South African Department of Environmental Affairs. Refreshingly, he says Collin Drake is a phony, but not-so-refreshingly he then maintains that that fake South African charter boat disaster was caused by an orca rather than a Megalodon. No such person as Gavin Curring, according to a quick Google search, and the guy is an execrable actor. The depth of the Discovery Channels duplicity is truly amazing. 10:51 PM EST: Collin Drake was 100 percent sure he tagged Megalodon last year, but the shark supposedly dove to below 6000 feet. Stunning disclosure: Maybe it wasnt a Megalodon after all. Drake considered all the options, and using Occams Razor, he concludes that there are actually...wait for it....two Megalodons, not one, and theyre reproducing! 10:55 PM: Martin Isaacs, a researcher and filmmaker for the Australian Marine Biodiversity Project, which doesnt exist. Are you surprised that he agrees with Collin Drakes findings? Conditions are right for Megalodon to make a comeback. 11:00 PM: Good night, Megalodon. Good night, Collin Drake. I need to take a long shower. Â   Last year, to kick off Shark Week, the Discovery Channel aired one of the most shameful documentaries in the history of reality TV: Megalodon: The Monster Shark Lives. This two-hour extravaganza starred marine biologist Collin Drake, who was actually played by an Australian soap-opera actor, and had the gall to fabricate a fatal fishing-boat disaster off the coast of South Africa as if it were recorded fact. Essentially, the entire show was made up from start to finishbut enough unwary viewers were taken in that today, millions of people believe Megalodon still prowls the worlds oceans. (Read my review of this show.) Now its almost time for Shark Week 2014, and the Discovery Channel is at it again. Heres the blurb from the official website: In April 2013, a fishing vessel off the coast of South Africa was attacked, killing all on board. A TV crew documented Marine Biologist Collin Drake as he worked to determine the predator responsible. Megalodon: The New Evidence presents Shark Week viewers with shocking new evidence and interview footage.

Brutal Treatment of Women Suffragists at Occoquan

Brutal Treatment of Women Suffragists at Occoquan An email has been circulating that tells of the brutal treatment in 1917 at Occoquan, Virginia, prison, of women who had picketed the White House as part of the campaign to win the vote for women. The point of the email: it took a lot of sacrifice to win the vote for women, and so women today should honor their sacrifice by taking our right to vote seriously, and actually getting to the polls. The author of the article in the email, though the emails usually omit the credit, is Connie Schultz of The Plain Dealer, Cleveland. Is the email true? a reader asks or is it an urban legend? It sure sounds exaggerated but its not. Alice Paul led the more radical wing of those who were working for womens suffrage in 1917. Paul had taken part in more militant suffrage activity in England, including hunger strikes that were met with imprisonment and brutal force-feeding methods. She believed that by bringing such militant tactics to America, the publics sympathy would be turned towards those who protested for woman suffrage, and the vote for women would be won, finally, after seven decades of activism. And so, Alice Paul, Lucy Burns, and others separated in America from the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), headed by Carrie Chapman Catt, and formed the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage (CU) which in 1917 transformed itself into the National Womans Party (NWP). While many of the activists in the NAWSA turned during World War I either to pacifism or to support of Americas war effort, the National Womans Party continued to focus on winning the vote for women. During wartime, they planned and carried out a campaign to picket the White House in Washington, DC. The reaction was, as in Britain, strong and swift: arrest of the picketers and their imprisonment. Some were transferred to an abandoned workhouse located at Occoquan, Virginia. There, the women staged hunger strikes, and, as in Britain, were force-fed brutally and otherwise treated violently. Ive referred to this part of woman suffrage history in other articles, notably when describing the history of the suffragist split over strategy in the last decade of activism before the vote was finally won. Feminist Sonia Pressman Fuentes documents this history in her article on Alice Paul. She includes this re-telling of the story of Occoquan Workhouses Night of Terror, November 15, 1917: Under orders from W. H. Whittaker, superintendent of the Occoquan Workhouse, as many as forty guards with clubs went on a rampage, brutalizing thirty-three jailed suffragists. They beat Lucy Burns, chained her hands to the cell bars above her head, and left her there for the night. They hurled Dora Lewis into a dark cell, smashed her head against an iron bed, and knocked her out cold. Her cellmate Alice Cosu, who believed Mrs. Lewis to be dead, suffered a heart attack. According to affidavits, other women were grabbed, dragged, beaten, choked, slammed, pinched, twisted, and kicked. (source: Barbara Leaming, Katherine Hepburn (New York: Crown Publishers, 1995), 182.) Related Resources: An image of Emmeline Pankhurst, who led the militant British woman suffragists, including hunger strike tactics, which inspired Alice Paul  and the National Womans PartyA firsthand account of this is in Doris Stevens Jailed for Freedom (New York: Liveright Publishing, 1920. (Gutenberg text)The movie Iron Jawed Angels focuses on this period of the woman suffrage movement.Sewall-Belmont House, home of the National Womans Party, is now a museum which includes many archives of these events.The Library of Congress presents some photos of women suffrage prisoners: Suffrage Prisoners

Optimizing solar thermal resurce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Optimizing solar thermal resurce - Essay Example Such cities includes; Oakland 17%, San Franscisco 12% and Porland 10% (Ten top cities in U.S.A for renewable energy) . In his paper (Cleveland) explains how solar energy can be optimized. This paper represents a method of analyzing the financial costs and benefits of solar systems in commercial buildings using a model building. Assumption made are; the house is 30% below ASHRAE 90.1 standards, the owner is interested in investing on thermal technology and wanted to build the most efficient building possible, consideration of natural gases and electricity escalations as alternatives to solar energy. The model house was 50,000 sq feet and cost of building such a house in Calorina is $500,000 to 750,000 with fully installed HVAC system. Energy plus was used to map the building. The inputs for the energy plus simulation included, Raleigh, NC location, u-shaped office building of 50,000 sq ,30% energy savings among others and this led to projection output of heating system capacity 641 kBtu/hr (includes hot water usage), 87 tons of cooling capacity required, annual HVAC electricity use and annual natural gas use, hot water cooling. The model house was used to run 2 cooling scenarios one with traditional HVAC as control building and the other one with traditional cooling system and solar heating and cooling system (solar building).The sizing of thermal loads of absorption chiller was based on information sourced from energy plus and this ensured that it had that same output as HVAC system. The amount of solar thermal energy supplied to heating water, heating space and cooling the space was calculated using RET screen which is able to estimate energy production, savings ,cost, viability and risks of various renewable energy and energy efficient techniques. In order to determine the comparative value of solar heating and cooling system and traditional HVAC system, net present value (NPV) of each system

Marketing exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing exam - Essay Example These nine functions are; financing, selling, transportation, processing, buying, storage, risk-taking, grading and standardizing, and finally providing market information. Examples of marketing include advertising, packaging and giving samples among other things. However, marketing management is the area of business that focuses on a business organization’s marketing activities and resources. It is also the branch of management that is given the task of application of techniques in marketing. In its role of management marketing management involves planning of marketing of resources. It is also involved in coordinating of marketing plans and procedures. Marketing management also involves organizing of marketing personnel and marketing resources. It also performs its role of management by controlling the flow of marketing resources. The main difference between marketing and marketing management is that marketing is the process of attracting and maintaining customers while marketing management is involved in the planning, coordinating, monitoring and organizing the processes, personnel and the resources used in abstaining the aims of marketing (Daw, 2006). Cause marketing is the type of marketing that is carried out jointly by a profit generating business organization and a business organization whose main aim is not to generate profit with the aim of social benefit. Unlike cooperate giving, cause marketing does not necessarily involve a tax deductible donation. An example of cause marketing is the campaign undertaken by the Reckitt Benckiser company in 2011. This is where the company underwent a campaign in which they run an advertisement communicating to consumers that for every â€Å"Dettol† product bought; around $0.12 would be given to the drive of building toilets in schools across Africa. â€Å"Dettol† is a range of disinfecting products produced by the Reckitt Benckiser Company. This campaigned was with collaboration with the world

Who To Love Essay Example for Free

Who To Love Essay To begin, all of these stories are similar. This paper is going to be about how they are all similar. This is going to be about all of the stories that I read. The stories that I read are â€Å"Sweet Potato Pie† by Eugenia Collier â€Å"Initiation† by Sylvian Plath, and â€Å"Lalla† by Rosamunde Pilcher. These were three great stories and all of their plots were very similar so everyone figured the plots out. Firstly, this is going to be about the short story that this class read called â€Å"Sweet Potato Pie† by Eugenia Collier. This is a great story and it is about a family that cannot afford to send all of their kids to school so they can only send one. They send this kid to school and then he goes to college. Then he turns into the most educated one out of all of them and he makes the most money. He also has to learn though that he has to love his family the same and treat them the same as always. The next short story that we read is called â€Å"Lalla† by Rosamunde Pilcher. This is a very good story about young people in love. The life lesson in this story is to always follow your heart. Lalla discovers if she follows her heart it will always lead her in the right direction. An example of this situation in this story is when Lalla goes back to Carwheel to see Godfrey again, and to be with Godfrey forever. This really explains this story because she doesn’t follow her heart the whole time until the end. To wrap it up this short story tells us all to follow our hearts and everything will be okay. Now this will be about the short story â€Å"Initiation† by Sylvian Plath. This story is about a girl that has to go through a thing called â€Å"Initiation. † This stories life lesson is to not do stuff just because other people are doing it. I think this should happen because when people are not themselves they tend to be friends with the wrong people and lose their good friends. That is an example of not doing stuff because other people are doing it. In this short story the life lesson that the class learned is to always be yourself no matter what other people are doing. Lastly, all three of these stories talked about how and who people should love. Love is a great thing and it should always be devoted towards the persons family and others that they truly love. These three stories tell us this because no matter what these people in these stories always love their family. These stories were also about how people should follow their heart. All of these people in these stories follow their heart on who they should love and their heart always takes them in the right direction. All in all these stories are all very similar. These stories all teach people to follow their heart. It also teaches people to love who they want. It is all about loving the family and always following your heart to the right people.

A Comparison of the Supernatural in Tempest, Julius Caesar, and Midsum

Supernatural Phenomena in The Tempest, Julius Caesar, and Midsummer Night's Dream  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   The Oxford English Dictionary defines "supernatural" as something "that is out of the ordinary course of nature; beyond, surpassing, or differing from what is natural."   In light of this definition, I shall be discussing the plays The Tempest, Julius Caesar, and A Midsummer Night's Dream through three successive pairings, drawing distinctions and comparisons between each play and its significant others as relate to some aspect of the supernatural realm. In any discussion of two Shakespeare plays, the issue of chronology deserves at least a passing nod. In the case of The Tempest and A Midsummer Night's Dream, knowledge of the chronology of the plays is of paramount importance in understanding the differences in tone, language, and the relationship dynamics between Oberon/Puck and Prospero/Ariel/Caliban. A Midsummer Night's Dream came out roughly 1594-5, The Tempest around 1611-12, some seventeen years later. The development of Shakespeare's imagination, as well as his powers as a playwright and poet, are certainly evident in The Tempest: The language is richer and more convoluted, the tone darker, more brooding, as are the characters (a feature characteristic of Shakespeare's Jacobean phase), and the whole message of revenge transmuted into forgiveness and resignation is a remarkable departure from traditional Senecan motifs. Also, as often seen in the later plays, a particular character or group dynamic seen in an earlier play is u pdated, expanded, and elaborated upon, in this case that of Oberon and Puck. In MND, Oberon is proud and imperious, but basically helps the course of true love run smooth in the end with the help of... ...20th century might consider a quaint dramatic expedient, a colorful, fanciful, booga-booga quality, for the Elizabethan and Jacobean theatre-goer of the time, the world of fairies and ghosts and demons and witches was very much a real one, and it pays to bear this in mind when reading and attending the plays. To try and imagine that such things really people one's world, really have a place somewhere in the immense chain of being, is to feel a very vital resonance within that nothing in the gray, bleak, so-called post-modern landscape can ever provide.    Works Cited Badawi, M.M., Background to Shakespeare, London, MacMillan Education Ltd., 1981. Boyce, Charles, Shakespeare A to Z, New York, Roundtable Press Inc., 1990. All act, scene, and line number citations refer to the Arden editions of the various plays discussed in this monograph.   

A System of Profound Knowledge

In respect to quality of materials, there are three well known philosophers whom are most referenced: W. Edwards Deming, Philip B. Crosby, and Joseph M. Juran. Throughout the twentieth century, these three men have continuously integrated new systems for improvement in the quality system. The first and probably most well known of these philosophers is W. Edwards Deming. Deming first came into the public eye when he was credited with assisting the Japanese after World War II and helping to elevate the Japanese industry into the forefront of world industry. Deming stresses that the most important part of quality is the role of management. Deming also emphasizes on achieving long term goals through cultural transformation rather then short term needs. Deming†s findings can be viewed best through his â€Å"System of Profound Knowledge,† and his â€Å"14 Points of Management.† While Deming was continually expanding his research, Philip B. Crosby entered the forefront of quality in the 1970†³s. Crosby has been a consulter as well as a trainer for many leaders in the manufacturing industries. Like Deming, Crosby also has a â€Å"14-Step Pan for Quality Improvement.† Crosby†s main focus is first evaluate the quality system and make improvements on the current system. Another of Crosby†s main concerns is defects. Crosby emphasizes that the performance standard should be â€Å"zero defects.† The most recent of the philosophers is Joseph M. Juran. In the late 1980†³s Juran founded an institute to consult and train management in quality. In addition to Deming, Juran also visited Japan to assist their industry at the end of World War II. Juran†s most famous theory of quality is his â€Å"quality trilogy,† which focuses on planning, control and improvement of the quality system. Although Deming, Crosby, and Juran have never collaborated on their work, many similarities are apart in their beliefs. For example, all three men stress the importance of the management system. Also, they have created step-by-step processes by which industries should follow in order to prove the quality of their products. Another important point which is shared by all three men is that quality should be viewed as an entity. Regardless to the fact that all three have based their lives on the ambitious goal of developing a system to improve quality, there are several key differences exist amidst these three quality experts. First and foremost is their definition of quality. Deming uses statistical predictions, basing his entire view of quality on the quality of the process, not the product whereas Crosby and Juran focus more on the customer. Crosby stresses on the conformance of the quality system to the needs of the customer. Juran goes even one stop further, and basis his entire definition of quality on the intended use of each product by the consumer. Another key point in which the men disagree is goal setting. Deming focuses his ideas mainly on long-term goals, where on the contrary, Crosby and Juran state that short-term goals are equally important. After extensively reading the works and ideas by there three experts, it is obvious to see why the have been so successful. Quality is a very important part of the industrial as well as the consumer world, and the need for quality improvement increases everyday.

Unit Final

In the interest of thoroughness, footprints should be preserved even if they do not show any details. Although the size and shape of the shoe or pattern in the heel or sole is of lesser evidential value, a representative print should nonetheless be preserved for its value as an investigative lead. (Fisher, Barry A. J. , Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, pegs 226-227). A footwear print may be a foot Impression or a footprint (dust print). Foot impressions occur when the foot treads In some moldable material such as earth, sand, clay, snow, etc.Footprints are formed on a hard base when the foot or the sole and heel of a shoe are contaminated with some foreign matter such as road dirt, gust, flour, blood, or moisture. Footprints may also be latent when naked or stocking- covered feet on a smooth surface have formed them. Footwear impression evidence and information from the gait pattern may indicate that the subject was walking or running, had sustained an injury or walked with a limp, was possibly intoxicated, had a tendency to walk toe-in or toe-out, or was carrying a heavy object. (Fisher, Barry A. J. , Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, pegs 226-227).Foot Impressions are generally found outdoors; the first precautionary measure Is Hereford to protect the Impression from alteration or destruction, preferably by covering It with a box or cordoning off the area. Impressions In thawing snow are especially troublesome, so a box covered with snow to prevent thawing should protect them. If a foot impression is in such a position that it is possible for it to gradually fill up or be damaged by running water, it must be surrounded by a wall of earth, sand, or snow; alternatively, a hole may be dug close to the impression and the water drained toward the hole.However, these protective measures are only tops and the actual preservation should be undertaken as soon as possible. Preservation should be done by photographing and casting or, in the case of dust p rints, should be lifted. (Fisher, Barry A. J. , Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, pegs 231-232). When photographing the Impressions the camera should be placed vertically above the Impression on a tripod with a scale placed next to the impression. The film plane should be parallel to the Impression so as not to cause distortion In the photograph.It is good practice to place two scales in the photograph at right angles ND a second perpendicular to the first, in the region adjacent to the heel. If the bottom of the impression is appreciably deeper than the surface of the ground or snow, the scale should be brought down to the same level. Before photographing, any material that may have fallen into the impression should be cleaned away immediately. If it is not possible to carry this out without damaging the impression, it should be omitted.Because the details in foot impressions are three dimensional, the photograph should be made under illumination that will bring out those de tails o the best advantage. Direct sunlight enhances the details by creating highlights and shadows. When the sky is cloudy and the daylight diffuse and practically without shadow, artificial light must be used; foothold or flash illumination is suitable. (Fisher, Barry A. J. , Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, pegs 232-233).Dental stone is a type of gypsum or calcium sulfate that can be used to cast shoe impressions. At one time, plaster of Paris was more widely used for this purpose; however, dental stone is superior and readily available from dental supply companies. Dental stone can be used for casting most impressions; even snow. Foot impressions in loose, dry sand and earth can be taken without any special preparation. Some literature suggests removing loose twigs and leaves, but this practice can damage the impression and is highly discouraged. Fisher, Barry A. J. , Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, peg 233). In lifting firearms, great care must be taken not to destroy evidence. The best way to lift a pistol or revolver is to hold it with two fingers on the checkered part of the butt, or possibly by the ring on the butt. Shotguns may conveniently be held around the checkered part of the neck of the butt; if necessary the weapon can be lifted by a steady grip with the fingers on the trigger guard.It is undesirable to lift a weapon such as a revolver or pistol, because the weapon may be cocked and a shot may be fired if the trigger happens to be touched. It should be taken as a general rule never to lift a weapon found at the scene of a crime before first making sure that no one is in the direction in which the muzzle is pointing; of course one should not risk being hit if the weapon fires while being lifted. The weapon may actually be cocked so that even the slightest movement could cause a shot to be fired.The procedure for lifting up a gun by putting a pencil or stick in the barrel is absolutely wrong. This may destroy valuable clues in t he barrel that might possibly have been of use in elucidating the case. In a contact shot (I. E. , when the muzzle is in contact with a body), which is common with suicide, it often happens that blood, grease, fragments of fabric, and textile fibers are blown into the barrel of the gun by the violence of gas pressure and the splash of tissue and blood in all directions.

debat3 essays

debat3 essays The 2000 Presidential election between Vice-President Al Gore and Texas Governor George W. Bush was and still is a close campaign. This race has still not ended due to the closeness in the state of Florida primarily and the state of Oregon. Florida which contains 25 electoral college votes was and still is to close to call, which means that the race is close as of last time that I had checked the race was only separated by about 1800 votes. The state of Oregon only contains seven Electoral College votes so this is not that important to the outcome of the election because the Electoral College votes are 260 for Gore and 246 for Bush and 270 are needed to win. In the general turnout some of the trends that I had identified were most of the Gore Clinton States in the mid-west that in the past had voted democratic this year voted for Bush. The African-American votes primarily went to Gore, along with the union members and Hispanics. But women and Catholics usually went with Bush. Women voting for Bush kind of surprised me because Bush is pro-life and that kind-of takes away womens rights. This year the predictions with some of the types of people that voted for who the did was pretty right, but the predictions with the states were pretty wrong surprisingly. Some of the Key states that Gore had won where New York, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, California, and Washington. Bush had won West Virginia, Ohio, Michigan, Missouri Texas and Tennessee. These state were important because of the fact that these states all had major electorial college votes. Bush winning Akansas and Tennessee was also big because Arkansas is Clintons home state and Tennessee is Gores. The House of Representatives and the Senate both had pretty good outcomes if youre a democrat because the democrats gained a lot of ground. They tied in the Senate and in the house is 222 seats for the Republicans, 211 f ...

How to Use the Irregular French Verb Recevoir

How to Use the Irregular French Verb Recevoir The French verb recevoir (pronounced ruh-say-vwah) is one of the more challenging to learn because its highly irregular once you get into the past tense and other conjugations. Translated as to receive or to get, this verb is so irregular that it doesnt fit in any pattern.   Usage Recevoir is whats commonly known in French as an irregular ir- verb. These verbs dont follow the regular patterns of conjugation, so students have to memorize them individually. Other ir- verbs include:  asseoir, courir, devoir, falloir, mourir, pleuvoir, pouvoir, recevoir, savoir, tenir, valoir, venir, voir  and  vouloir. Verbs that end in -cevoir are conjugated the same way. These include: apercevoir   to catch sight of, to foreseeconcevoir  Ã‚  to conceivedà ©cevoir  Ã‚  to disappointpercevoir  Ã‚  to perceiverecevoir  Ã‚  to receive Uses and Expressions The table below includes only simple conjugations of the irregular French -ir verb recevoir. It does not include compound tenses, which include a form of the auxiliary verb avoir and the past participle. recevoir une salaire to get paidrecevoir un prix to be awarded a prize / to be given a prize or awardrecevoir un cadeau to get / receive / be given a giftrecevoir  courrier /  coup de tà ©là ©phone to get mail /  to get a telephone callVeuillez recevoir, Madame, lexpression de mes sentiments les meilleurs  ou  mes salutations distinguà ©es Yours sincerelyrecevoir un coup sur la tà ªte to receive a blow to the headrecevoir  quelquun dà ®ner   to invite someone to dinnerJai à ©tà © mal reà §u. I was made to feel unwelcome.La maison peut recevoir six personnes. The house sleeps six people.Le mà ©decin reà §oit/ne reà §oit pas aujourdhui. The doctor is / isnt seeing patients today.se faire recevoir   to get told offJe nai de conseils recevoir de personne  ! I dont have to take advice from anybody!Elle sait merveilleusement recevoir. Shes a marvelous hostess. / Shes marvelous at entertaining. Simple Conjugations of the Irregular French -ir Verb Recevoir Present Future Imperfect Present Participle je reois recevrai recevais recevant tu reois recevras recevais il reoit recevra recevait nous recevons recevrons recevions vous recevez recevrez receviez ils reoivent recevront recevaient    Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle reu Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je reoive recevrais reus reusse tu reoives recevrais reus reusses il reoive recevrait reut rect nous recevions recevrions remes reussions vous receviez recevriez retes reussiez ils reoivent recevraient reurent reussent Imperative (tu) reois (nous) recevons (vous) recevez

Manageing Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Manageing Homeland Security - Essay Example terrorism provokes deep fear and insecurity -- more than other forms of violence. Terrorists strike innocent civilians, often randomly, and without warning. We think we can protect ourselves against other forms of violence, but we feel defenseless against terrorists. ..Terrorists know this, and they seek to use intimidation to impose their political or other agendas. Killing is only a means to that end. By creating fear and panic, terrorists try to extort concessions or to weaken and discredit governments by showing they are unable to protect their citizens. Thus, emergency management is the coordination of a city-wide cooperative involvement to ensure the entire safety of that community. Such events that could arise that this committee would be called upon would be natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, etc. and other disasters such as terrorism as has been mentioned prior. As the Emergency As the Emergency Management Coordinator it is my job to activate the necessary mobile force that would generate the appropriate level of action for when these events occur. As such I am in charge of decided a plan of action such as emergency evacuations of houses for when a natural disaster has been proclaimed through the national weather service. I would have to use the aid of the committee and local police force to aid in making sure the entire community is safe and re-located in enough time to prevent injury or death. As the Emergency Management Coordinator it is necessary to wake the entire community aware of evacuation procedures, where to go, where to relocate, and how to get in touch with family members who may have become separated from each other. A post will be set up in the evacuation area, which will usually be in a large arena in the next city in case of a flood, or hurricane and there will be several posts in town where people can go in case of a tornado or earthquake to receive temporary shelter, food, and to locate their family. There is a lot involved in being an Emergency Management Coordinator, but with the cooperation of the community, presenting the facts of where to go when an emergency occurs, the movement of an entire city prior to such a catastrophe should not be too difficult. The temporary shelters will be in locations such as area YMCAs, malls, high schools, and other large buildings that will be commandeered during this time. Food will be provided through such agencies as Red Cross and other donations until such a time as rebuilding and moving back into the area will occur. As the Emergency Management Coordinator it is my job to act as swiftly as possible to ensure the safety of the lives in this community and I will do this job with the utmost of my ability. Question Two For the modern thinkers, the most rational reason behind war is "patriotism".1 Thus, in order to coincide the active and willing participation of the hospitals, the police, and the fire department a mutual understanding of their pulled

Management of medical equipment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Management of medical equipment - Essay Example The researcher analyzed all the necessary stages involved in the two sub-cycles with the help of diagrams revealing the relevant stages involved in the two sub-cycles. The researcher also included the way utilization link together; thus reducing clinical risks. The researcher revealed the necessary management and legal actions that healthcare professions should take in order to reduce risks in the clinical setting. Lastly, the conclusion provided a brief summary of the managing medical equipment in the hospital. Management of Medical Equipment Introduction The rapid technology advancement has contributed to varied changes on the way health care providers deliver services in the contemporary society. Health care providers depend on the technology in disease mitigation, diagnosis, disease prevention, health promotion and other management care practices. Medical technology has driven the direction of healthcare services, and one is the primary factor for escalating costs in the health c are delivery system. Medical technology is seen as an effective tool for improving life quality of people across the globe. Therefore, managers should employ effective methodologies for managing medical technologies efficiently. ... chnology management requires coordination and organization of hospital activities, managers should manage medical technology across the life cycles in order to minimize risks. Management of Medical Equipment Lifecycle Acquisition Sub-cycle An effective way of managing medical technology in hospitals is through following a systematic procedure in varied stages starting from acquisition to disposal. This is essential because it will help in optimizing technology assessment, reducing costs, increasing utilization and readability in the acquisition process. It also improves the care quality through effective deployment of technology. This is through the use of quality assurance standards; thus reducing hazards by efficiently managing technology risks (Abdel-aleem and Wiley InterScience 2009, p. 112). This process happens once in the medical technology lifecycle until new medical technology is replaced, when it reaches the final stage of its useful life cycle as indicated on figure 1 belo w. Technology Assessment Acquisition Figure 1: Medical Technology Life cycle Phases of Acquisition Sub-Cycle a) Technology Assessment Technology assessment is a significant phase of acquisition, and it involves examining medical devices and the implication they have on the provision of quality services in the health care. It involves assessing the performance and security of medical technologies in the hospital. The main aim of technology assessment is to inform the policy makers in the clinical setup to adopt new technologies for better provision of healthcare services (World Health Organization 2003, p. 93). Medical technology is imperative because it offers valuable information for effective decision making reimbursement and implementation of new medical device. a) Technology Planning

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Response - Essay Example ation from the news article proves to be true, the reporters responsible can be said to have snooped around the company and gathered that information from people in that company before the company’s CEO officially released the information to the media. If the information was from press release, then all the news articles and even the company’s website should have the same reporting date. The reporting could not be fairer because the reporters of this information did not follow the correct, reliable and verifiable route of gathering information and it could have been misreported because the sources of the information were not credible. It is also not fair that the reporter of this news article get to snoop around and get this information earlier than other reporters. This is more so because it casts doubt to the credibility of other news articles on this website and on the internet in general. The credibility of the company is also put to test and this is not fair. If the source was to be an academic study, then issues of scientific review should have been considered. This means that credibility of the article should be able to be verified by other sources and that every part of that article should be matching with the original source of the news and with other sources and news articles as well. An academic study news report should also be reliable. This means that there should not be any doubt of the information when its source is scrutinized by other academicians who are mostly scientifically granted the authority to render the information reliable. If reliability and validity of the information casts a shadow of doubt as to it being scientific and peer reviewed, then it can qualify to be academic study information. The article does not explain on detail the reasons why the companies which were to merge decided to pull out of the deal in the last minute despite the deal having been formulated and agreed upon over several months before the news. The article

Transforming Monocots Using Agrobacterium

Transforming Monocots Using Agrobacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is said to infect dicots naturally. What are the potential obstacles in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of monocots? Discuss how did the breakthrough (success in transforming monocots using Agrobacterium) come about? (60 marks) Gene transfer using Agrobacterium is a method of transferring genes by using a carrier to insert the gene of interest into the recipient host plant cells. This technology is based on the discovery of infection tumor in the dicotyledone plants caused by a bacterium, named Agrobactertum tumerfaciens. The species Agrobacterium is a soil bacterium which is capable to infect and caused plant wound and then developed into crown galls, normally formed at the trunk of many types of dicot plants. This Agrobactereium spp. has a special DNA, which has a small ring inside the cytoplasm called Ti plasmid (tumour inducing plasmid). On the Ti plasmid, there is a DNA fragment called T-DNA (transfer DNA) which contains the gene causing crown galls development. Plant cells have genes to code for the production of auxin and cytokinin, the two plant hormones which are used as energy sources by Agrobacterium. The use of Ti plasmid in gene transfer into plants is done by replacing the gene related to plan t hormone production and the gene producing opine substance with the desirable trait gene on the T-DNA and then using the Agrobacterium to transfer the gene to the plant chromosomes. Transformation of dicotyledenous plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been well established and widely used but not so in the case of monocotyledonous plants. The potential obstacle in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of monocot plants includes: Agrobacterium is responsive to phenolic compounds such as acetosyringone which are produced when the plant was wounded. The released phenolic compound from the wounded plant cells will stimulate the performance of vir gene on the Ti plasmid, leading to the transferring T-DNA to the plant chromosome. Most of the dicot plants produced this phenolic compound. On the other hand, most monocot plants did not produce the compounds or produced it in a smaller quantity, therefore resulted in the low efficiency of the Agrobacterium attachment. Furthermore, the wounded cells in the monocot plants multiplied less than in dicot plants. Tissue browning and necrosis following Agrobacterium infection is still a major obstacles especially in cereals. For example in case of wheat, following Agrobacterium infection, wheat embryo and root cells may produce hydrogen peroxide, which altered cell wall decomposition and resulted in a higher level of cellular necrosis and subsequently caused cell death. However the improvement method to resolve the cell death and to improve the transformation efficiency has been demonstrated in cereals (Frame et al., 2002) Apart from necrosis, physical characteristic and genotype, other factors affected transformation efficiency are strains of Agrobacterium used, binary vector, selectable marker gene and promoter, inoculation and co-culture conditions, inoculation and co-culture medium, osmotic treatment, desiccation, Agrobacterium density and surfactants, tissue culture and regeneration medium (Cheng et al., 2004). The Agrobacterium has specificity in attaching monocot plants. Most of monocot plants with important economic value are not hosts of the Agrobacterium, therefore the transformation efficiency involving them is low (Lippincott, 1978). Explants type, quality and source also affect the transformation efficiency foe example embryogenic callus derived from mature seed of rice was reported to be the best explant for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rice due to its active cell division (Hiei et al., 1994). The breakthrough on the transformation of monocot plants using Agrobacterium started when Hiei et al. (1994), done a research on Japonica rice. They reported a stable transformation of Japonica rice by using Agrobacterium. They reported results of evaluations using molecular and genetic analysis on the R0, R1 and R2 progenies. The LBA 4404, the super-binary vector of Agrobacterium strain was demonstrated as the most effective vector for the transformation of three Japonica cultivars tested. Their success has open up the possibility of using Agrobacterium for transforming monocot plants such as maize, barley and wheat. In 1996, Ishida et al., has done a transformation research on maize by using a similar approach as developed by Hiei et al (1994). Their transformation efficiency was further improved by the addition of silver nitrate in the culture medium. Other factors that may influence transformation efficiency were also investigated that included incubation time and co-cultivation period. Zhao et al. (2002) optimized the transformation conditions based on Ishidas protocol and it was demonstrated that maize can be transformed with high efficiency by using Agrobacterium method. The gene transfer was done by using a combination of standard binary vector with the addition of antioxidant cysteine in the co-culture medium. In the same year, other researchers included had demonstrated that elite maize cultivars could also be transformed by using Agrobacterium-medated transformation method. Soon after maize, the successful Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat and barley was reported (Jones H.D, 2005, Tingay et al., 1997). Compared with rice and maize, progress with wheat and barley has been slower. Various factors that influence the transformation efficiency have been further investigated. It was reported that the use of surfactant such as Silwett L-77 and desiccation treatment during co-cultivation increased the transformation efficiency of wheat. In the case of barley, since the success of Tingay et al., (1997) in transforming barley by using Agrobacterium, a number of other researchers around the world have reported the successful production of transgenic barley plants. However majority of the successful reports of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of barley are restricted with model genotype golden promise and igri. Therefore, optimizations of parameters are required to extend the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in other elite barley cultivars. The transformation of sorghum is the least successfully manipulated. Zhao et al. (2000) developed an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for sorghum and from the research it showed that the embryos from the field had higher transformation frequency than those from the greenhouse. Other transformation of monocotyledon plant reported such as Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of turfgrasses, such as creeping bentgrass (Yu et al., 2000), Italian ryegrass (Bettany et al., 2003), and tall fescue (Wang and Ge, 2005) were also reported. Although the delivery of foreign gene into several monocot species via Agrobacterium tumefaciencs has now become a routine technique, there are still serious limitations on the used of this technology on other major monocots. In order to achieve better success in transforming monocot using Agrobacterium, many factors and conditions were being investigated, such as selection of which target tissues which are highly responsive, adjustment of gene transfer conditions to increase the possibility of Agrobacterium attachment into the cell by adding phenolic substances such acetosyringone during co-cultivation period or in co-cultivation medium, that are similar to the substance released by plant cells when they are naturally wounded, using efficient promoter gene to stimulate the expression of the gene in monocot plants and the used of super-virulent of Agrobacterium strains to increase the transformation efficiency (Cheng et al., 2004).

American Foreign Policy Caused the Vietnam War Essay -- Vietnam War Ess

War in Vietnam is the longest military conflict U.S. were involved in during 20th century. However, 20 years before the official war declaration, in 1944, no one would have ever guessed that the area of South East Asia is going to experience such development. Having approached the Vietnam situation with wrong policy, underestimating the motivation and determination due to historical memory, in the hostile conditions caused US were unable to suppress the communist insurgency in South Vietnam, which later turned into a David vs. Goliath type of conflict. Origins of Conflict In the colonial era, the world was divided into the colonies of European empires. France, among others, used military force and presence to rule in Vietnam and bordering countries, at that time called French Indochina. The French ruled with its army between 1854 and 1884 in the country, and about this time the aversion and disgust of Vietnamese people initiated against the French and other supremacy powers. One of the many effects of World War II was that European states, lost its imperialist and superpower status, as the World slowly shifted into the bipolar era - United States contra Soviet Union. As a consequence, September 2nd, 1945, Vietnam declared independence from French imperialist and the Japanese military, which invaded Indochina (Vietnam) during the World War II. Kevin Reilly in his Readings in the World Civilizations recorded Ho Chi Minh’s speech while declaring the independence of Vietnam in 1945, where Ho Chi Min captured the frustration Vietnamese felt over the 80 years of French dominance. Ironically, Ho Chi Min, out of respect started his speech with the citation of American declaration of independence. He talked about unequal laws, role in ... ...d perhaps applied more reunification talks, consensual & diplomatic politics combined with economic aid and cooperation and tried to persuade Vietnamese just like they did in Western Europe (even though Europe was probably the easier case), instead of supporting undemocratic means of French puppet regime, there might as well would never been a communist insurgence to suppress and Vietnam war to fight. Bibliography Akins, John. Nam Au Go Go, 2005 (1-10). Grantham, Dewey W. Recent America: The United States since 1945, 1998. Herring, George C. â€Å"The Nightmare of Vietnam,† in Oates, Stephen B., Portrait of America, 1987: 410 – 425. Ho Chi Minh, â€Å"The Vietnamese Declaration of Independence,† in Kevin Reilly, Readings in World Civilizations Vol 2., 1992: 278 – 281. Verrone, Richard Burks, Voices from Vietnam: Eye-witness Accounts of the War, 1954- 1975, 2005.

The Pervasive Impact of Culture on International Negotiations

The pervasive impact of culture on international negotiations The primary purpose of this section is to demonstrate the extent of cultural differences in negotiation styles and how these differences can cause problems in international business negotiations. The reader will note that national culture does not determine negotiation behavior. Rather, national culture is one of many factors that influence behavior at the negotiation table, albeit an important one. For example, gender, organizational culture, international experience, industry or regional background can all be important influences as well.Of course, stereotypes of all kinds are dangerous, and international negotiators must get to know the people they are working with, not just their culture, country, or company. The material here is based on systematic study of international negotiation behavior over the last three decades in which the negotiation styles of more than 1,500 businesspeople in 17 countries (21 cultures) were considered. The work involved interviews with experienced executives and participant observations in the field, as well as behavioral science laboratory work including surveys and analyses of videotaped negotiations.The countries studied were Japan, S. Korea, China (Tianjin, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong), Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Russia, Israel, Norway, the Czech Republic, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Brazil, Mexico, Canada (English-speakers and French-speakers), and the United States. The countries were chosen because they constitute America’s most important present and future trading partners. Looking broadly across the several cultures, two important lessons stand out. The first is that regional generalizations very often are not correct.For example, Japanese and Korean negotiation styles are quite similar in some ways, but in other ways they could not be more different. The second lesson learned from the research is that Japan is an exceptional place: On almost every dimension of negotiation style considered, the Japanese are on or near the end of the scale. For example, the Japanese use the lowest amount of eye contact of the cultures studied. Sometimes, Americans are on the other end. But actually, most of the time Americans are somewhere in the middle. The reader will see this evinced in the data presented in this section.The Japanese approach, however, is most distinct, even sui generis. Cultural differences cause four kinds of problems in international business negotiations, at the levels of: Language Nonverbal behaviors Values Thinking and decision-making processes The order is important; the problems lower on the list are more serious because they are more subtle. For example, two negotiators would notice immediately if one were speaking Japanese and the other German. The solution to the problem may be as simple as hiring an interpreter or talking in a common third language, or it may be as difficult as learning a languag e.Regardless of the solution, the problem is obvious. Cultural differences in nonverbal behaviors, on the other hand, are almost always hidden below our awareness. That is to say, in a face-to-face negotiation participants nonverbally—and more subtly—give off and take in a great deal of information. Some experts argue that this information is more important than verbal information. Almost all this signaling goes on below our levels of consciousness. When the nonverbal signals from foreign partners are different, negotiators are most apt to misinterpret them without even being conscious of the mistake.For example, when a French client consistently interrupts, Americans tend to feel uncomfortable without noticing exactly why. In this manner, interpersonal friction often colors business relationships, goes undetected, and, consequently, goes uncorrected. Differences in values and thinking and decision-making processes are hidden even deeper and therefore are even harder t o diagnose and therefore cure. These differences are discussed below, starting with language and nonverbal behaviors.

In Man and Superman Shaw Was Not Writing a Regular Play Essay

In Man and Superman Shaw was not writing a regular play; he only united up dialogue, discussion, arguments for the purpose of making them appear as plays. Still the incidents of situations in the play do in one way or the other perpetuate the pursuit of man by woman—of Tanner by Ann. The most interesting is the Hell Scene where the traditional Don Giovanni motif is most comically inverted in the spirit of parody to substantiate Shaw’s thesis that it is the woman basically who is boa-constrictor from whom the new Don Juan flies away to save his person. The Hell Scene has been grafted on the plot from outside and it does not grow from the soil of the story. Its central business is to highlight the central motive of the play—the chase of man by woman as part of the process of Creative Evolution as well as the edification of hell as a most dynamic, therefore desirable condition of existence which ensures happiness of humanity. The metamorphosis of the characters like Tanner and Ann suiting the atmosphere is amazing; but soon the dramatic interest wanes as the arguments start rattling the pros and cons of the Scene. From the point of view of the force of the arguments the Hell Scene has significance, otherwise it looks just bizarre and from the point of view of the force of the plot extraneous. It cannot be denied that the Hell Scene is a most powerful tour-de-force of Shaw’s imagination. Shaw had added to the play a lengthy Preface, rich in thought and content and at the end we get the Revolutionist’s Hand Book and Pocket Companion. The overriding Shavian pre-occupation with his philosophy gets to be continued in Hell Scene. Whenever Shae has an opportunity, he expresses his views (although comically) on happiness, love, marriage, sex relations, women, art, socialism, democracy, industrialisation, religion, morality, virtue, sin, death, peace, war, slavery and a host of other topics. Shaw has been impartial enough to allow even the Devil to have his say and freely express his point of view. The spur behind all this is the assumption that woman is far from weak and helpless and that sexually woman is Nature’s contrivance for the perpetuation of human race. A more intimidating fact is, sexually man is woman’s contrivance for fulfilling nature’s behest in the best possible way. Possessed by the blind fury of creation, woman searches for a male biologically most desirable and when she finds him, she is most ruthless in her pursuit of him. The Don Juan in Hell Scene lifts up this basic theme of life-Force and Creative Evolution with Superman and Superwoman into the realm of Shavian-Socratic dialogue. Shaw comically swaps the Superman of Nietzsche (who was a ruthless being and an embodiment of might! ) by a new Don Juan; Tanner who sees life as co-operation with woman in its upward struggle. If the evolutionist’s account is accurate, life has developed in the waters of the ocean and the slime of the beaches until it reached the gigantic and long since extinct creatures that peopled the earth in pre-historic times. In his vision Tanner hears Don Juan say this to him. Life is a force which has made innumerable experiments in organising itself. He further tells him that as long as he can conceive something better than himself, he cannot be easy unless he is striving to bring it into existence or clearing the way for it: â€Å"That is the law of my life. That is the working within me of life’s incessant aspiration to higher organisation, wider, deeper, intense, self-consciousness and clearer self-understanding. † The Devil in his turn expresses himself eloquently and forcibly about man’s conduct in the world and takes a pessimistic view of him. He holds that human beings are both stupid and evil and on the road to utter destruction. Shaw makes a firm distinction in the process between his two functions as writer: the function of an essayist on the one hand and on the other, that of a playwright. The important difference is that a playwright has to put on the stage a number of characters whose opinions differ and clash for the vital element in drama in conflict. It may be physical conflict, the conflict of emotions, of ideas or even of beliefs. The audience watches and hastens to the conflict; it hears the characters putting forward opposing views; and having heard the arguments the members of the audience use their own thinking powers and reach their own conclusions. Much of what is said by the Devil in Man and Superman is fair statement of the parts of human behaviour is endorsed in other plays by Shaw. What is in doubt is the conclusion the Devil draws from the facts. Can man be saved from his own destructive tendencies? The Devil declares that he cannot. Don Juan believes that he can if he is given the great idea to live for—the great idea, for example, that man can, if he wills, can carry out the divine purpose (read the purpose of Life-Force). The brain will not fail when the will is earnest to Life, the force behind the Man, and intellect is a necessity because without it he blunders into death. Just as Life, after ages of struggle, evolved that wonderful bodily organ, the eye, so that the living organism ould see where it was going and what was going and what was coming to help or threaten, and thus avoid a thousand dangers that finally slew it, so it is evolving to date in mind’s that shall see, not the physical world, but the purpose of Life, and thereby enable the individual to work for that purpose instead of thwarting and baffling it by setting up short-sighted personal aims as present: â€Å"I sing not arms and the Hero but the philosophic man; he who seeks in contemplation to discover the inner will of the world, in invention to discover the means of fulfilling that will and in action to do that will. The supreme triumph of Shaw’s dramaturgical dialectics is to be found in the renewal of renovation of the 18th century image of Don Juan or rather the Spanish Don Giovanni. It is important because Tanner receives the mantle of the incendiary from this super human image. Of course, the method has been one of conversion of old materials in to 19th century terms, both thematic and technical. He rejects altogether the schism oIn Man and Superman Shaw was not writing a regular play; he only united up dialogue, discussion, arguments for the purpose of making them appear as plays. Still the incidents of situations in the play do in one way or the other perpetuate the pursuit of man by woman—of Tanner by Ann. The most interesting is the Hell Scene where the traditional Don Giovanni motif is most comically inverted in the spirit of parody to substantiate Shaw’s thesis that it is the woman basically who is boa-constrictor from whom the new Don Juan flies away to save his person. The Hell Scene has been grafted on the plot from outside and it does not grow from the soil of the story. Its central business is to highlight the central motive of the play—the chase of man by woman as part of the process of Creative Evolution as well as the edification of hell as a most dynamic, therefore desirable condition of existence which ensures happiness of humanity. The metamorphosis of the characters like Tanner and Ann suiting the atmosphere is amazing; but soon the dramatic interest wanes as the arguments start rattling the pros and cons of the Scene. From the point of view of the force of the arguments the Hell Scene has significance, otherwise it looks just bizarre and from the point of view of the force of the plot extraneous. It cannot be denied that the Hell Scene is a most powerful tour-de-force of Shaw’s imagination. Shaw had added to the play a lengthy Preface, rich in thought and content and at the end we get the Revolutionist’s Hand Book and Pocket Companion. The overriding Shavian pre-occupation with his philosophy gets to be continued in Hell Scene. Whenever Shae has an opportunity, he expresses his views (although comically) on happiness, love, marriage, sex relations, women, art, socialism, democracy, industrialisation, religion, morality, virtue, sin, death, peace, war, slavery and a host of other topics. Shaw has been impartial enough to allow even the Devil to have his say and freely express his point of view. The spur behind all this is the assumption that woman is far from weak and helpless and that sexually woman is Nature’s contrivance for the perpetuation of human race. A more intimidating fact is, sexually man is woman’s contrivance for fulfilling nature’s behest in the best possible way. Possessed by the blind fury of creation, woman searches for a male biologically most desirable and when she finds him, she is most ruthless in her pursuit of him. The Don Juan in Hell Scene lifts up this basic theme of life-Force and Creative Evolution with Superman and Superwoman into the realm of Shavian-Socratic dialogue. Shaw comically swaps the Superman of Nietzsche (who was a ruthless being and an embodiment of might! ) by a new Don Juan; Tanner who sees life as co-operation with woman in its upward struggle. If the evolutionist’s account is accurate, life has developed in the waters of the ocean and the slime of the beaches until it reached the gigantic and long since extinct creatures that peopled the earth in pre-historic times. In his vision Tanner hears Don Juan say this to him. Life is a force which has made innumerable experiments in organising itself. He further tells him that as long as he can conceive something better than himself, he cannot be easy unless he is striving to bring it into existence or clearing the way for it: â€Å"That is the law of my life. That is the working within me of life’s incessant aspiration to higher organisation, wider, deeper, intense, self-consciousness and clearer self-understanding. † The Devil in his turn expresses himself eloquently and forcibly about man’s conduct in the world and takes a pessimistic view of him. He holds that human beings are both stupid and evil and on the road to utter destruction. Shaw makes a firm distinction in the process between his two functions as writer: the function of an essayist on the one hand and on the other, that of a playwright. The important difference is that a playwright has to put on the stage a number of characters whose opinions differ and clash for the vital element in drama in conflict. It may be physical conflict, the conflict of emotions, of ideas or even of beliefs. The audience watches and hastens to the conflict; it hears the characters putting forward opposing views; and having heard the arguments the members of the audience use their own thinking powers and reach their own conclusions. Much of what is said by the Devil in Man and Superman is fair statement of the parts of human behaviour is endorsed in other plays by Shaw. What is in doubt is the conclusion the Devil draws from the facts. Can man be saved from his own destructive tendencies? The Devil declares that he cannot. Don Juan believes that he can if he is given the great idea to live for—the great idea, for example, that man can, if he wills, can carry out the divine purpose (read the purpose of Life-Force). The brain will not fail when the will is earnest to Life, the force behind the Man, and intellect is a necessity because without it he blunders into death. Just as Life, after ages of struggle, evolved that wonderful bodily organ, the eye, so that the living organism could see where it was going and what was going and what was coming to help or threaten, and thus avoid a thousand dangers that finally slew it, so it is evolving to date in mind’s that shall see, not the physical world, but the purpose of Life, and thereby enable the individual to work for that purpose instead of thwarting and baffling it by setting up short-sighted personal aims as present: â€Å"I sing not arms and the Hero but the philosophic man; he who seeks in contemplation to discover the inner will of the world, in invention to discover the means of fulfilling that will and in action to do that will. † The supreme triumph of Shaw’s dramaturgical dialectics is to be found in the renewal of renovation of the 18th century image of Don Juan or rather the Spanish Don Giovanni. It is important because Tanner receives the mantle of the incendiary from this super human image. Of course, the method has been one of conversion of old materials in to 19th century terms, both thematic and technical. He rejects altogether the schism of Byron and Tanner can be the rake or a mindless Philanderer as Byron’s Don Juan has been. Shaw’s claim to be returning to a pristine Don Juan is valid to the extent that the theme had originally been less of psychological than of philosophical or even indeed theological interest. It is true that Don Juan runs away from them only after possessing them. Tanner in Shaw’s play runs away rather to prevent them from possessing them. That old motif has been deliberately turned upside down in a vein of parody, embodying Shaw’s standard new motif. Shaw substituted an utterly Scribean closed structure. The Don Juan episode in Act II is neither a well-made play, nor a portion of a well-made play. It stands out apart as something appropriately more austere and august. As Eric Bentley points out, â€Å"It is not a traditional work of any kind, not even a Platonic dialogue, the relation between Socrates and his interlocutors being quite different. † Nor is it s debate for two of the speakers, the Commander and Ann hardly present arguments at all. They simply represent a point of view. Do even the Devil and Don Juan discuss anything between them? A Devil is scarcely a being one can convert to a cause: â€Å"and if the Don is busy convincing anyone it is himself. † Certainly it is the philosophy of Bernard Shaw that he parrot-preaches. But one doubts if persuasion is exercised by that on the audience. Rather, the contribution of the four presences come together as a vision of life and an intimating of super-life—Man and Superman. The comedy of John Tanner of the vision of Don Juan Tenoria—Shaw and counter-Shaw thesis and antithesis are to be sure, of separate interests, and yet, as usual, the great Shavian achievement is to have related one to the other. Tanner seems a wise man, proves a fool. Don Juan passes for philanderer but proves an explorer and a missionary of the truth. In our trivial, tawdry, clever, Scribean world intellect is futile and ever at the mercy of instinct. Take away the episode in Hell and Shaw has written an anti-intellectual comedy! The episode assigns to the intellect the highest role. No longer, therefore, is Ann the centre and source of things—only a possible mother for Superman. Here Don Juan dominates. Here (or rather in Heaven) intellect is at home, and the Don is cured of that occupational disease of Shavian Heroes of homelessness. â€Å"He comes to a good end†Ã¢â‚¬â€only it is not an end, it’s an episode, and from these celestial infernal heights we must descend to earth with the shock of Shavian anti-climax, to earth and to tanner, from Superman. f Byron and Tanner can be the rake or a mindless Philanderer as Byron’s Don Juan has been. Shaw’s claim to be returning to a pristine Don Juan is valid to the extent that the theme had originally been less of psychological than of philosophical or even indeed theological interest. It is true that Don Juan runs away from them only after possessing them. Tanner in Shaw’s play runs away rather to prevent them from possessing them. That old motif has been deliberately turned upside down in a vein of parody, embodying Shaw’s standard new motif. Shaw substituted an utterly Scribean closed structure. The Don Juan episode in Act II is neither a well-made play, nor a portion of a well-made play. It stands out apart as something appropriately more austere and august. As Eric Bentley points out, â€Å"It is not a traditional work of any kind, not even a Platonic dialogue, the relation between Socrates and his interlocutors being quite different. † Nor is it s debate for two of the speakers, the Commander and Ann hardly present arguments at all. They simply represent a point of view. Do even the Devil and Don Juan discuss anything between them? A Devil is scarcely a being one can convert to a cause: â€Å"and if the Don is busy convincing anyone it is himself. † Certainly it is the philosophy of Bernard Shaw that he parrot-preaches. But one doubts if persuasion is exercised by that on the audience. Rather, the contribution of the four presences come together as a vision of life and an intimating of super-life—Man and Superman. The comedy of John Tanner of the vision of Don Juan Tenoria—Shaw and counter-Shaw thesis and antithesis are to be sure, of separate interests, and yet, as usual, the great Shavian achievement is to have related one to the other. Tanner seems a wise man, proves a fool. Don Juan passes for philanderer but proves an explorer and a missionary of the truth. In our trivial, tawdry, clever, Scribean world intellect is futile and ever at the mercy of instinct. Take away the episode in Hell and Shaw has written an anti-intellectual comedy! The episode assigns to the intellect the highest role. No longer, therefore, is Ann the centre and source of things—only a possible mother for Superman. Here Don Juan dominates. Here (or rather in Heaven) intellect is at home, and the Don is cured of that occupational disease of Shavian Heroes of homelessness. â€Å"He comes to a good end†Ã¢â‚¬â€only it is not an end, it’s an episode, and from these celestial infernal heights we must descend to earth with the shock of Shavian anti-climax, to earth and to tanner, from Superman.

Inventor of the Mechanical Television System John Baird

Inventor of the Mechanical Television System John Baird John Logie Baird was born on August 13th, 1888, in Helensburgh, Dunbarton, Scotland and died on June 14th, 1946, in Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex, England. John Baird received a diploma course in electrical engineering at the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College (now called Strathclyde University) and studied towards his Bachelor of Science Degree in electrical engineering from the University of Glasgow, interrupted by the outbreak of W.W.1. Early Patents Baird is best remembered for inventing a mechanical television system. During the 1920s, John Baird and American Clarence W. Hansell patented the idea of using arrays of transparent rods to transmit images for television and facsimiles respectively. Bairds 30 line images were the first demonstrations of television by reflected light rather than back-lit silhouettes. John Baird based his technology on Paul Nipkows scanning disk idea and later developments in electronics. John Baird Milestones The television pioneer created the first televised pictures of objects in motion (1924), the first televised human face (1925) and a year later he televised the first moving object image at the Royal Institution in London. His 1928 trans-Atlantic transmission of the image of a human face was a broadcasting milestone. Color television (1928), stereoscopic television and television by infra-red light were all demonstrated by Baird before 1930. He successfully lobbied for broadcast time with the British Broadcasting Company, the BBC started broadcasting television on the Baird 30-line system in 1929. The first simultaneous sound and vision telecast was broadcast in 1930. In July 1930, the first British Television Play was transmitted, The Man with the Flower in his Mouth. In 1936, the British Broadcasting Corporation adopted television service using the electronic television technology of Marconi-EMI (the worlds first regular high-resolution service - 405 lines per picture), it was that technology that won out over Bairds system.

Coronary Artery Disease Essays - Medicine, Circulatory System, RTT

Coronary Artery Disease Essays - Medicine, Circulatory System, RTT Coronary Artery Disease Student's Name University affiliation Course Instructor Date Coronary Artery Disease Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the most common of the known heart diseases. This disease develops when the arteries that supply the heart with blood, nutrients and oxygen are damaged. Coronary Artery Disease is characterized with hardened and narrowed blood vessels as result of the buildup of cholesterol and other materials known as plague in the arterial walls (Wessel, 2004). Plague and cholesterol block the arteries making it hard for them to transport blood, nutrient and even oxygen to other parts of the body where they are needed. The heart muscles fail to get blood and oxygen and can lead to a severe heart attack or angina. If this problem continues for a long time, a person can suffer from a heart failure and/or arrhythmias. These two conditions are fatal if not treated as soon as they are detected. The development of the coronary artery can be a gradual process. There are a number of risk factors that are associated with CAD such as the height of a person, obesity, body m etabolic index BMI, physical fitness, and lifestyle. In most cases, it starts from the young age and develops slowly up to the old age. When the arteries are narrowed, they tend to develop new blood vessels as a way of trying to get the blood to the heart. However, the mushrooming blood vessels do not manage to supply the required blood to the heart. Instead, what happens is that they cause more blockage of the main artery. Sometimes, because of increase blood pressure, the plague raptures and blocks the blood supply to the heart. Coronary artery disease is a serious disease and can be avoided only by practicing a healthy lifestyle. It is the most common heart disease in the United States affecting more than 15 million Americans (Borgeraas et al., 2014). In the United Kingdom, Coronary Artery Disease is the most feared human killer among the known diseases. Over 2.3 million people, comprising 1.4 million and 0.85 million men and women respectively are living CAD in the United Kingdom (Borgeraas et al., 2014). In this paper, I will p rovide a comprehensive review of two research papers related to the coronary artery disease. In each paper, I will look at the hypothesis of the study, population used in the research and the study design of the article. The two research papers are: Relationship of Physical Fitness versus Body Mass Index with Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Events in Women by Wessel. The other research paper that I will review is, Genetically Determined Height and Coronary Artery Disease by Nelson et al. Relationship of the Physical Fitness vs. the Body Mass Index (BMI) with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Cardio Vascular (CV) Events in Women Study hypothesis - The authors of this study hypothesized that there exist a relationship between obesity, waist circumference, waist height ratio and waist-hip ratio and the physical fitness and the postmenopausal estrogen with coronary artery disease risk factors, adverse cardiovascular and angiographic coronary artery disease events in women evaluated for suspected myocardial ischemia (Colombo et al., 2015; Wessel, 2004). Population-Multicenter prospective cohort study - 936 women were enrolled at four US academic medical centers at the time of clinically indicated coronary angiography (Wessel, 2004). Study Design-Among the adult women and men in the US, close to two-thirds are overweight and also more than one-third are obese, and these proportions are rapidly increasing. There have been previous studies that show physical activity, and fitness is predictive of Cardio Vascular risk. However, many studies of physical activity and fitness have excluded women with known or suspected Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). The Roles of obesity and fitness as independent risk factors for CHD and adverse events in women remain unresolved (Wessel, 2004). This study was observational in nature, across four years 936 women were enrolled in this study. Enrollees were initially assessed, and a follow-up was conducted six weeks after enrollment and then yearly. The Participants were questioned about the occurrence of adverse events, and if they responded with any adverse events physicians were reached out to for confirmation, dates, and any documentation available (Wessel, 2004). To evaluate physical fitness, the